Smartphone Software

Presentation Smart telephone is a cell phone which depends on a portable processing stage. It has further developed registering abilities and systems administration when contrasted with a contemporary cell phone. The principal PDAs were created to join the activities of a cell phone and an individual advanced associate (PDA).Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Smartphone Software explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, Smartphone gadgets are utilized to consolidate tasks of convenient media players, smaller computerized cameras, pocket camcorders, and GPS route units. Today, Smartphone incorporates internet browsers that can appropriately explore pages as opposed to sites. They likewise incorporate high-goals contact screens, versatile, broadband, and quick information access through Wi-Fi. Present day advanced cells utilize different programming, for example, Nokia’s Symbian, Microsoft Windows Mobile, and Apple’s ios , Windows telephone, Blackberry Operating System; Android and installed Linux (Yang Zheng, 2007). This product is introduced on different advanced cell models, and every gadget can get a few programming refreshes over the lifetime. The distinction between PDAs and different telephones is ambiguous, as there is no clarification on the contrast between them. The urgent contrast that can be built up is the propelled application programming interfaces on advanced mobile phones. This empowers applications to coordinate with the Smartphone’s working framework and its. Advanced mobile phones have been created in the most recent decade. At first, business experts utilized PDAs, however today they are available to the general population. The reason for this exploration paper is to look at the points of interest and hindrances of different Smartphone’s programming applications. Advanced cell delicate product Nokia’s Symbian is one of the first Smartphone programming proje cts. The working framework was created for normal gaming, fundamental media, and text informing tasks, just as essential email and web riding activities (Frederick, 2010). The product has a few advantages.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, it offers a blend of driving edge versatile innovation and different scopes of run times. It has prompted improvement of million Symbian gadgets that give an incredible chance to convey gainful applications in the market. It gives all highlights required to test applications for Symbian gadgets on a P.C. Likewise, Smartphone helps in building up the VGA screen goals, which encourages the advancement for the Nokia E6 gadget. The product gives refreshed program, which is introduced in Nokia telephones. The three-plane design gives improved information stream execution. Symbian programming underpins Korean and Chinese dialects. It empow ers an individual to create applications utilizing Qt, C++, and Web Runtime. Nokia Symbia has different hindrances (Firtman, 2010). For example, Symbian 3 uses numerical keypad, which isn't capable in the expression of expectation and autocorrelation. The working framework has unremarkable program making clients look for help of outsider applications, for example, show versatile to get perusing experience. Its online music store, Ovi music, didn't get positive reactions. It doesn't permit the client to buy all motion pictures, music recordings, and TV appears. The product has not many applications as contrast with other programming, for example, windows telephone (Firtman, 2010). It has not many outsider applications contrasted with Android and iPhone. Nokia Symbia application framework needs social joining as it underpins face book at the present time. Blackberry is another working framework introduced in advanced cells. This product generally centers around giving data through cut ting edge email and web riding abilities. The product gets messages from anyplace as long as it can find a system. Blackberry working framework has different points of interest (Firtman, 2010). For instance, the advancement of push messages innovation, which is accessible in most PDAs. It empowers the client to get messages progressively when they are reflected in user’s inbox. It helps in compacting information that is transmitted through RIM servers.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Smartphone Software explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This prompts sparing monstrous costs that could be accumulated because of extreme transfer speed consumption. Blackberry activity framework empowers the client to get to the least expensive Internet administrations. Blackberry telephones have sublime QWERTY console, which makes composing simple and liquid. Blackberry programming has different difficulties. Initially, it makes blackberry teleph ones to be of a poor call quality in 3G mode. The telephone continues getting advantageous assistance blunders. The working framework makes it hard for clients to download enormous records (Firtman, 2010). They can download documents of over 2.9mb to 4.8mb. Blackberry administrations, similar to email perusing, require administration books to work. In the event that the administration books are not propelled the administrations won't work. The activity framework has moderate and normal program. Despite the fact that information is packed, stacking WebPages on bend 3G takes some time and web segments are dispersed on the screen. It requires some investment to reboot dark berry telephones. In delicate reboot, the telephone is turned off yet all applications are left running before shutdown. It is hard to watch YouTube recordings on a blackberry gadget, as it doesn't bolster gushing FLV documents (Fling, 2009). Another Smartphone working framework is the iPhone Ios. Apple Company built up this product in 2007. It is the product introduced in Macintosh telephones, for example, iphone, the iPod Touch, and the ipad. At the point when it began it could just help Apple applications. Today it can perform various tasks as the apple organization built up another form in 2010 (Fling, 2009). The iphone is well known and perhaps the best part at outsider applications. This product is anything but difficult to utilize and simple to get to. The product has different favorable circumstances when contrasted with the other programming. It has improved camera execution. It plays out a request for high extent than the other programming. It concentrates rapidly, take pictures, and returns to screen rapidly. The camera likewise has a computerized zoom include, which empowers the client to make envelopes on the screen. This aides in lessening the quantity of home screens by placing applications in the folders.Advertising Searching for research paper on it? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It contains a spell check application to help composing. The spell check permits the client to choose the word he implies rather than self-assertively picking one for the client. It underpins a brought together inbox, all the messages go to an ace inbox rather than a different inboxes. The product likewise empowers blackberry telephones to perform various tasks (Fling, 2009). The client would now be able to switch between applications as quick as could reasonably be expected. This is an impressive advantage the same number of utilizations have the foundation support. The working framework likewise has different shortcomings, which should be improved. Semi strung messages empower clients to see messages got in a discussion, however not the sent messages. This infers the client may have the option to see half of the discussion. There is no genuine enhancement for iPod gadgets. The current iPod gadget is indistinguishable from what has been accessible over the most recent three years (F irtman, 2010). The product can't permit the client to put extra ringing tones. There is no lock screen improvement. The client needs to open the gadget to communicate with missed messages, calls, and phone messages. There is no connection supporting email. The client can't join something to the informing once he has begun forming it. Android is a Smartphone working framework dependent on Linux and supported by Google. Today, there are around 90000 Android working frameworks applications. This makes the product as one of the most known frameworks. The working framework is the world top of the line Smartphone stage. It hosts a huge market for third get-together applications (Firtman, 2010). One of its generous advantages is the capacity to perform various tasks. This makes it the most solid and reasonable gadget to Smartphone clients. It is a standout amongst other easy to understand virtual products on the planet. It is additionally surprisingly simple to modify the working framework . It gives a choice of removable batteries, which empowers the client to embed an additional battery. It additionally has a possibility for expandable memory, which is valuable, if the inside memory is little. Most cell phone organizations, for example, Samsung gadgets and Motorola use it to run their advanced cells. There are various kinds of gadgets, for example, music players, which run Android Operating System, making it the most mainstream. It is anything but difficult to introduce and download applications from Android working framework. The methods of expelling applications are not tedious as in different telephones. New forms of Android are propelled at regular intervals this implies more applications and upgrades. The costs for this gadgets are not high, such a significant number of clients can bear the cost of them. This working framework has a few difficulties. The capacity to modify may make issues soon (Firtman, 2010). At the point when the client alters the telephone, he will undoubtedly commit an error. Android telephones have a little screen size this makes different contenders a superior choice. Propelling new forms every so often may make a few clients miserable. This is on the grounds that only one out of every odd client is fit for refreshing his telephone. The Apple Company is offering better and an enormous number of utilizations than Android advertise. This makes it incredibly expensive for Android to contend in the market. At long last, Windows telephone 7 is the most recent working framework in the market. It was discharged in October 2010. It utilizes a portable adaptation of Internet adventurer. Adobe is remembered for

Effect Of Television On Family Relationships Essay

Impact Of Television On Family Relationships - Essay Example At the point when the TV was first presented in the market, it was in the homes of the rich and were kept in bars, the last being where it contacted more individuals. Gradually there was a segment move in the TV seeing populace. The center salary and low-pay individuals began to possess or tried to claim a TV brought about characterizing the idea of the projects appeared. The program quality was worse than the secondary school drama’s already, however after the move in the demography of the crowd, there was a flood of projects which demonstrated the truth of life. Overwhelming feelings and issues sometimes fell short for the lounge room seeing as they must be founded on the gathering in the family room. The program content was examined for reasonableness for family viewership, the creation spending plans and plats were tidied up to suit the developing interest for assortment in TV diversion. TV didn't possess an exceptional spot in the lounges of the families in America at the same time. The creation limits were constrained and the program content was all the while creating, national signs were as yet discussed in the early many years of TV. In any case, on the off chance that we break down what caused a colossal acknowledgment among the open that it is a basic in the parlor. The magazine supposition helped in the jump of TV sets into the lounge of families across America. All through the early long stretches of TV development, it was accentuated altogether that TV assists with improving family connections by different sources. It was accepted to bring the individuals from the family together. In the plugs and in the photos in magazines, a family staring at the TV joyfully as a cherishing and holding time was anticipated. This marvel was additionally improved by the time of increased birth rates and the suburbanization of American families. At the point when families desert their companions and more distant family, TV was situated as a significant appara tus to fortify the current family ties. Additionally, it

Making Minimalism (Episode 5)

Making Minimalism (Episode 5) This is the fifth episode from our new web series Making Minimalism, created by Matt DAvella. Watch the entire series for free on YouTube. About Making Minimalism Creating our documentary, Minimalism, was simple, but not easy. A few years back we jumped in our tour bus (an old Toyota Corolla) and spoke with people around the country about how simple living had changed their lives. Now, with Making Minimalism, were deconstructing how we made the film from the very beginning. You’ll get a look at never-before-seen footage as we detail all of our big wins, failures, breakthroughs, and discoveries. See The Minimalists live on tour.

The Pros And Cons Of Steroids In Sports - 951 Words

Steroids in sports has been one of the biggest controversial topics since 1904 when Olympic marathon runner, Thomas Hicks, used a mixture of brandy and strychnine and nearly died. However, the use of PED’s (performance enhancing drugs) dates all the back to 776 BC with the Ancient Greek athletes. In sports todays the question is whether or not these types of drugs should be banned from competition. In sports today it is all about entertaining the common people. Americans tune in every night to watch one of their favorite sports programs. The New York Yankees are playing the Boston Red Sox. Alex Rodriguez steps up to the plate and stares down the pitcher on the mound. The pitcher gets the call from the catcher and winds up to throw. He†¦show more content†¦Arguments that steroids should be banned from competition make valid points on health risks and how it gives unfair advantage. These athletes however are not gaining an unfair advantage. Steroids, like stated before, give an athlete increased muscle mass and boosts stamina during activity. It still takes a tremendous amount of skill to hit a ninety nine mile per hour fastball, catch a thirty yard pass while getting hit by a defender, or dunking a ball overtop of an opponent. Steroids do not boost skill and athleticism, it boosts fatigue rate and muscle mass. If used correctly and not treated heavily or abused, steroids have very little health risks to athletes. Through the 70’s and 80’s NFL defensive powerhouse Lyle Alzado admits his use of anabolic steroids, and even stated that 90% of all athletes he knew were juicing up as well. Many cases like Alzados are also reported including Steve Courson (Steelers), Jim Haslett (Bills), Five players from the Oakland Raiders, and Shawne Merriman (Chargers). All these players state they participated in anabolic steroid usage along with saying most people in the NFL are. Some cases even included team doctors affirming player use of steroids and some even taught them proper ways of injection. So during the 70’s and 80’s if all NFL players were juicing up, what gave steroids such a bad reputation, and eventually the cause to ban them from competition? In 1928 the International Association ofShow MoreRelatedPerformance-enhancing Drugs and Athletes674 Words   |  3 PagesWith the change of rules in sports throughout the many centuaries, the most advance form of improving the ability of athletes is known as doping. Doping are performance-enhancing drugs which are used in sports. The uses of these drugs are considered to be unethical as it gives competitors an unfair advantage. Sports is seen as an activity based on full ethics and complete discipline. With the invention of performance-enhancing drugs in sports, it gives athletes a greater opportunity of cheatingRead MoreEssay On Performing Enhancing Drugs1471 Words   |  6 Pages Performing Enhancing Drugs and the World of Sports Sports has become one of the most impactful and influential parts of our culture. Sports has cemented itself as a standard part of society. In fact, taking a look back on myself and coming from an athletic background, growing up my mom would always put me in a variety of sports. When I reached high school age something that was always drilled into me by my coaches was the aspect of hard work. During my high school sporting career there was a multitudeRead MoreDrugs And Drugs In Sports1150 Words   |  5 PagesDrugs are harmful to players in highschool and franchises in big time sports. It’s no secret because I am going to tell you why, everything from how they can be harmful to death and how those few games an athlete gets suspended for can cause a championship season. It might seem a little crazy, that is, that some athletes take drugs to help with speed recovery, but they’re very harmful to the body. Even though the drugs help players with recovery, speed, fitness, and strength, drugs are harmful toRead MoreSteroids And Their Relationship With Exercise / Sports Science And Chemistry1217 Words   |  5 PagesProject: Steroids The topic I have chosen to talk about today is steroids and their relationship with exercise/sports science and chemistry. You’re probably wondering what are steroids? How and what are they made of? Why would anyone take them? I felt that these four things went very well together and are very interconnected with one another especially chemistry and steroids. First of all, what are steroids? Steroids are derived from the lipid family that also includes cholesterol, steroid hormonesRead MoreThe Baseball Hall Of Fame1814 Words   |  8 Pagesthe use of steroids in Major League Baseball. One of the scenes that stood out the most when I watched the film was when Chris Bell (2008) says the following, â€Å"But things are different now. And even baseball s changed from when my dad was growing up. And now when I think of baseball I don t think about the Babe or Hammerin Hank. I think of steroids.† When he talks about how when he thinks of baseball, he thinks of steroids he says this because of an amount of time called â€Å"The Steroid Era† whichRead MoreAthletes Understand The Danger Of Using Performance Enhancing Drugs1061 Words   |  5 Pagespill.† (Freudenrich) Most competitive athletes will do whatever it takes to reach their goals, because to win is what satisfies their dream and they are willing to put their own li fe at risk. Abusing performance enhancing drugs needs to be banned in sport, because it ruined athlete’s health, reputation, and is giving a bad impression to the young athletes. Health in general is important. Taking care of its own health is what athletes need to be cared for because without a good body condition and goodRead MoreThe Use Of Steroid Use Used On Recreational Activities910 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of steroids in recreational activities has many consequences on those who take the risk and use steroids. The writer of this paper takes a stand against the use of steroids because of the many negative aspects of them. Steroids have a very great number of physical and mental repercussions. Steroids come in different ways, and each has a different purpose, just as each has a different repercussion. After examining this paper, readers should be more informed about the life threatening risksRead MoreSteriods in Sports Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pageshelp of steroids. There is a current debate of allowing steroids to be legal in sports. Steroids should not be allowed in sports. Some people ask why. This research paper will give those people just a few of the many reasons why it should not be allowed. Through examining dangers of steroid abuse, ethics in sports, and characteristics of individuals who take and use steroids, it is evident that steroids should not be allowed in sports. First I will examine the dangers of steroid abuse. Steroids effectsRead MoreSteriods Informative Speech909 Words   |  4 PagesSection #34/Rosie Title: The Facts about Anabolic Steroids in our Bodies. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the effects of Anabolic Steroids in peoples bodies. Thesis: Today I would like to enlighten the class on what I’ve learned about Anabolic Steroids and the causes it has on our body. Introduction Attention material: According to Do Something.Org, Science Daily quotes that â€Å"A recent study found that 57%of high school steroid users said that they would risk shortening their lifeRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of Anabolic Steroids1199 Words   |  5 Pagesjob is a sport. You might think steroids are the answer to your problem, but it isn’t that easy. There are many adverse effects from steroids, such as the destruction of your organs or your physical appearance. There are many more adverse effects to using steroids than positive ones. This is why it is very risky to use them. Before using them you need to know what steroids are and what happens to your body when you take them. Anabolic-androgenic steroids, also known as anabolic steroids, are a man-made

Illegal Immigrants - 1201 Words

Illegal Immigrants With the rise of illegal immigrants, the United States has had difficulties solving the issue for a long time. Hence, there’re many factors for the causes and solutions from different branches and the government. â€Å"Amnesty?† and â€Å"Why blame Mexico?† are two articles that discuss the reasons for millions of Mexicans risking their lives to come illegally to the U.S. and indeed illustrate the writer’s perspectives and ideas for those people. In â€Å"Amnesty?†, John F. Kavanaugh, a Jesuit professor of philosophy, presents the illegal immigrants problem based upon the morality of a Judeo-Christian country. The writer begins by a sensational example of an illegal Mexican named Marà ­a. She is a productive woman, a mother of†¦show more content†¦So overall, we reject having illegal immigrants in theory but in reality want them to stay to do our work. This is a conflict situation but also the comprehensive warrant that Reed wants the readers to recognize and understand. He also proves how poorly our law is obeyed. For instance, if a restaurant is caught hiring illegals, there’ll be $1,000 a day fine. This amount is very small compared to the benefits a restaurant would get from hiring illegals. On the other hand, the business smuggling illegals into the U.S., happen everyday by the border guards. The controlled immigration system is corrupt because of the flow of money. While the border guards could g ain up to approximately $300,000 per day, tax-free, from this activity, it’s nearly impossible to ask someone to refuse such a paycheck. In additional, there are legal Latino and Mexican-American communities that are starting to grow and vote. Hence, they shall try to protect these illegal immigrants, who are also their countryman, as much as possible. From Reed’s point of view, he doesn’t think that the issues caused by Mexico but rather by America. He gives us the example of Mexico’s policies to convince us that they are reasonable and that we should at least give ourselves a second thought about our policies. Mexico’s policies for foreigners are generally friendly and open for citizenship, but still under control and require immigrants to reach certainShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigrants : An Illegal Immigrant959 Words   |  4 PagesAn illegal immigrant defined, by law is a person of a foreign nationality immigrating to the US without the permis sion of the government. Many people view people who do come to the US without that permission as an â€Å"Illegal Immigrant†. And many of those people are viewed by other as criminals, but what makes them criminals. But what if someone was forced to come to the US when they are kid does that still make them an Illegal Immigrant. Should those kids still be labeled as an illegal immigrant, evenRead MoreIllegal Immigrants : Illegal Chinese Immigrants1535 Words   |  7 PagesIn the story of Forbidden Workers - Illegal Chinese Immigrants in New York, we are given a look at American Society from the perspective of an illegal immigrant who is taken advantage of because of their status and the vulnerable position that they are put in because of it. Peter Kwong provides a broad, but subjective, analysis of American life, labor laws, and other key points in immigration. However, while the message Kwong conveys with this interesting and informational work, it is hindered byRead MoreIl legal Immigrants1298 Words   |  6 Pages27, 2012 The Benefits of Illegal Immigrants Are illegal immigrants or undocumented immigrants beneficial to America’s economy? Most illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States (U.S.) economy. Illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States economy because they increase our tax revenue, they add to our social security, and they also increase our employment rates.† In 2000, statistics revealed 8.7 million illegal immigrants resided in the United States†Read MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1100 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal immigration Over the past few years illegal immigration has become a bigger problem. Statistics reveal that more and more immigrants are entering the country illegally by crossing the borders. If something is not done soon, this may get out of hand and be to gone far not to handle. The number of illegal immigrants have gone up over the past years drastically In 2011, there were 40 million immigrants in the U.S. Of that 11.1 million were illegal. Although the number of illegalRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Should Be Illegal1456 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion illegal immigrants live in America† (Watkins). According to the recent study, â€Å"The Percentage of immigrants living in the U.S.A. is almost fourteen percent†(Wooldridge). This problem is an issue to the U.S. and will be an issue to all of the nations including europe, asia, etcetera. if it is not fixed. Reason is that the immigrants get more government help or welfare some may call it, than the registered citizens of America. Studies show that 51 percent of homes led by immigrants are gettingRead MoreAn Illegal Mexican Immigrant Immigrants1505 Words   |  7 Pagesfurtively, preferably beneath the protective cover of darkness, jumping fences, eluding guards and dodging two hundred -ton l ocomotives in a perilous dash for the most elusive of prizes, a free ride to the north. According to Jose Flores, an illegal Mexican immigrant seeking work in the United States says, â€Å"To be truthful, I have no idea of precisely where this train goes, other than it takes us to el norte† (Griffin 363+). The fact that each night literally hundreds of men and women clamber over theRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Illegal Immigrants1335 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been one of the main topics during the last three presidential election. Many bills and laws have been passed in order to keep them out but is it really necessary to neglect illegal immigrant? Most Americans believe that illegal immigrants are only people of Mexicans or Latin American descent but illegal immigrants can be from any race or country. Illegal immigration is defined by United States Department of Homeland Security as â€Å"†¦ all foreign-born non-citizens who are notRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1286 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis of illegal immigration in the United States reveals one challenge facing the banks and other institutions: whether to provide banking and other services to the illegal immigrants or to treat them as criminals because they are illegal and therefore, not to provide them with banking and other services. The articles, â€Å"Crossing the Line† by Stein and â€Å"Illegal Immigrants – They’re Money,† by Rodriguez discuss the impact of illegal immigration in the United States and how the illegal immigrants shouldRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration964 Words   |  4 Pages Attention Step (quotation, question, or story) About four months ago in government class, we had a class discussion. The topic was illegal immigration. One student said that America should send the illegal immigrants back to their country because they are taking American’s jobs. He stated that he would send his dad back to Mexico because he is an illegal immigrant. Going around the circle that we created, everyone gave their opinions, most disagreed, but some agreed with the student. When it wasRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1073 Words   |  5 Pagesdecades, the rise of illegal immigrants has been both good and bad. The topic of illegal immigration has recently been brought up frequently by politicians, seeing the economic problems that have occurred. An â€Å"illegal† immigrant is somebody who enters a country without following the proper legal requirements to make them a citizen. Illegal immigration is not only taking place in the United States, but all over the globe. The United States has s een the most amount of illegal immigrants by far. A 2010 Census

Analyzing “Deculturization” Free Essays

Deculturalization refers to the â€Å"stripping away of a people’s culture and replacing it with a new culture† (Spring 1). Deculturalization is one of the most inhumane acts one can partake in. A person’s culture is his/her main defining feature. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing â€Å"Deculturization† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Culture is the medium through which people communicate their beliefs, values, and morals. Inserting one’s own culture in place of someone’s pre-existing culture is the basis of ethnocentrism. People have repeatedly become victims of deculturalization, especially in the United States, and by analyzing this ethnocentrism one learns the importance of sustaining different cultures in society. There are many methods of deculturalization, such as segregation, isolation, and forced change of language. When the content of curriculum reflects culture of dominant group, it is deculturalization. Also, dominated groups are not allowed to express their culture and religion, which is deculturalization. Use of teachers from the dominant group to teach those that are dominated is another form of deculturalization (Spring 49).†The problem was the assumption that U.S. institutions, customs, and beliefs were the best in the world and they should be imposed† (Spring 42). Throughout much of the past century, the United States sought to stamp its cultural ideal upon almost all peoples who existed within its realm of influence. It is only through the relatively modern ideology of multiculturalism and the celebration of diversity that the United States has begun to make amends for the injustices it has committed on other cultures. Today, with multiculturalism entering into the classrooms and other realms, different cultures are finally getting the attention they deserve. The American idea of cultural and racial superiority began in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries with the colonization of northeast America by predominantly Anglo Saxon colonists. Ironically, the colonists came to America to escape persecution for their religious beliefs. The Anglo Saxon attitude of cultural superiority was a largely Protestant value that remained prevalent for much of the twentieth century (Spring 2-4). The educational impact of this elitist attitude was far-reaching. The most immediate effects were seen in the destruction of Native American culture and peoples. Efforts to ‘civilize’ the Native Americans through the use of schooling began in 1819 and continued until the late 1920’s. The first schools were the result of Christian missionaries’ efforts to gain converts. English was the only language spoken in these schools, and the Native American culture was looked upon poorly. Some earlier efforts were made to adapt to Native American culture, including the development of a written Cherokee language. This knowledge, however, was used to impart Anglo-Protestant values and religion (Spring 18-21). Out of almost all of the other cultures, Native Americans are the most exploited. Not only was their culture subverted and their people forced to move, but also the Native Americans still today are trying to regain their cultural identity. It was only during the late 20’s that the effects of this cultural genocide became apparent. With the Meriam Report, published in 1928, the inhumane treatment of Native Americans was brought to the public eye, and this made way for the establishment of progressive day schools where Native Americans could integrate their culture. Ever since, Native Americans have struggled to regain an identity of their culture. Along with Native Americans, some of the same injustices were inflicted upon Puerto Rico where the same rules of deculturalization applied to the education systems. Puerto Rico became a colony of the United States in the 1890’s as a result of the Spanish-American War. The apparent Americanization of Puerto Rico centered in the schools where patriotic exercises emphasized American allegiance. English became the official language of the schools, and English proficiency became a qualification to obtain a Puerto Rican teaching license. The Puerto Ricans resisted this deculturalization, causing strong tension in the 1920’s, while they struggled to declare independence. Eventually, attempts at deculturalization fell beneath global civil rights movements in the 1950’s and 1960’s. Despite this, the educational system of Puerto Rico was severely limited for many years. During the same time that the Puerto Ricans were struggling to regain their national culture and heritage, African Americans were struggling to overcome centuries of racial discrimination. Early in the 20th century, most African Americans seemed helplessly mired in a class system that sought to keep them poorly educated to provide a supply of cheap labor. W.E.B. DuBois, founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, wanted to provide a different type of education for African Americans that would focus on encouraging leadership and protection of the legal and social rights of their communities. These schools would also create a constant awareness of their position within the white majority. DuBois saw great potential in the education of teachers because, once educated, they could impart their learning to countless others (Spring 67). DuBois’ dream seemed to be achieved in the 1930’s when common schools for African American children were finally erected. Although a large part of the funding was donated, black parents contributed the majority of the funds. While this was a great step forward for African American children, these schools later provided the rationale for segregation outside of the often better-funded white schools. Asian Americans were the largest group affected b the Naturalization Act of 1790, where non-white immigrants were excluded from American citizenship. A ‘white person’ was an immigrant from Western Europe; no other groups were considered ‘white.’ With the Anglo-Americans feeling threatened by the Chinese Americans, they sought to limit immigration through legislation. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, prohibiting Chinese immigration. The Chinese Americans were sent to segregated schools because they were not classified as a ‘white’ person. This policy of segregation broke down by the early 1900’s, when the board of education had to let Chinese youths attend the regular city high school. After the United States conquest of Mexico, the attitude of racial, religious, and cultural superiority was reflected on both the treatment of Mexicans who remained in American after the conquest and later Mexican immigrants. Segregated schools, housing, and discrimination in employment became the Mexican American heritage. President James Polk sent an army to protect the Texas border, causing a military reaction by Mexico which resulted in the U.S. declaring war on Mexico. The war allowed former Mexican citizens to obtain U.S. citizenship, but did nothing to resolve problems of the Anglo Americans feelings of superiority. One of the important consequences of this negative action against Mexicans was to make it easier for American settlers to gain land in the area. Racism served as a justification for economic exploitation. These racist attitudes permeated the life of the cattle ranches established in southern Texas during what is referred to as the â€Å"cowboy era† (Spring 80). This deculturalization of the Mexican Americans is yet another example of the ethnocentrism that engulfed Anglo Americans. Deculturalization has been a very sad occurrence since the beginning of America, and only recently has this problem started to be alleviated. The impacts of deculturalization have been very negative on society, but mostly on the education system. Today, teacher education revolves around multiculturalism and valuing the differences in cultures. Until this idea reaches all realms of society, however, the United States will not be completely free from the negative aspects of deculturalization, which swept through the country for many years. Knowledge is half the battle, though, and the more people are educated on other cultures, the more people will begin to appreciate other cultures. How to cite Analyzing â€Å"Deculturization†, Papers

Black Power Essay Research Paper BLACK POWER free essay sample

Black Power Essay, Research Paper BLACK POWER The book # 8220 ; Black Power # 8221 ; was one of the most clearest manifestations of the motion s alteration of way in the late 1960 s. Black Power was a alteration set out by one adult male to give rights back to black people and to set an terminal to bias and imperialism. One of the ends set out by Kwame Ture and Charles Hamilton, the writers of Black Power was to do black people stronger and get the better of the subjugation of a white society. Suppression by Whites was the cardinal job seeking to be solved. Trying to accomplish a new consciousness of the job, by reacting in their ain manner to a white society, was the overall end of the motion. The chief thought behind Black Power was to turn to the jobs at manus and happen solutions to them in order to happen economic, political, and societal justness. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Power Essay Research Paper BLACK POWER or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8220 ; It is about black people taking attention of business-the concern of and for black people # 8221 ; ( Ture and Hamilton,1967, XV ) . Economic jobs included non being able to afford a good instruction because of low incomes and unemployment for months at a clip. Social jobs such as deficiency of civil rights were the cardinal incentive in the Black Power motion. White extremists groups aiming black people, such as the Klu Klux Klan, besides fueled the aspiration of release of suppression. Politically, black work forces and adult females had virtually no rights, they could non vote, or be elected into office in a preponderantly white political system. As Black Power infiltrated itself into society, nevertheless, more and more political groups were being heard across the state. Politicss was the best used method of distributing the ends and purposes of Black Power. Through political groups, like the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, or the SNCC, and subsequently the Black Panther Party, the thought was made known publically. The SNCC was one of the first organisations to bring forth Black Power in the mid 1960 s. Many SNCC workers came to believe that farther advancement depended on independent black political power. Organizations such as these gave black people power and helped the economic motion. Through political relations, the European Union onomic problems of education and jobs could be attended to. Politics led to giving more black people civil rights, allowing such things as a wider range of public school access (blacks and whites, not segregated). With black people beginning to have a voice, it would be easier to get a job when people saw you as someone who may be â€Å"important† to the community. There would still be discrimination in the work place as well as everywhere else, increased by organizations like the Black Panthers. According to Black Power, â€Å"The people must put this discrimination and prejudice behind them and move on to achieve their own hopes and goals so they may rise up above the hatred.† Many of the political organizations succeeded in the 1960 s, and the goal of establishing a voice in the public s eye was achieved. Economically some differences were made in education and employment, but these were not the main issues of the movement. Gaining civil rights and fighting for fre edom was the main goal of Black Power. Through the use of politics, new civil liberties were instituted for black people helping to achieve many of the goals of the movement. While the movement may not have succeeded in all aspects such as economically, and racially, it was a pivotal action during the civil rights movement and allowed many new civil liberties. Black Power attempts to resolve the problems of black people by promoting to take action into their own hands and overwrite the order of a white male domination over society. It stresses that black people cannot wait for help, they must do for themselves. These ideas were carried out with political, social, and economical standpoints. Politics carried the Black Power movement and allowed social goals to be set as well. Through these three positions, Black Power centered on overcoming white suppression, achieving a consciousness that there is a problem, and in order to solve that problem the enemy must in turn be suppressed by them. Black Power was created to spread the idea that black people must become stronger and unite to put an end to prejudice, racism, and injustice in the black community.

Macbeth Essays (691 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Disease as Imagery in Macbeth Imagery plays a predominant role in Shakespeare's play Macbeth. This stylistic device appears in several different forms throughout the play. Imagery of animals, nature, and darkness help create a foreboding atmosphere. In particular, the imagery of disease acts as a metaphor for evil and corruption. The idea of corruption spreading in Macbeth like a disease first appears in Act 1, scene 3, in one of Macbeth's first soliloquies. He states that the thought of murdering Duncan is weighing on his find so greatly that he is unable to function normally. Soon after, Lady Macbeth, in a soliloquy of her own, points out that Macbeth's only ?illness? (at that point) is his ambition. Despite the fact that he covets the throne dearly, he does not want to usurp Duncan. Unfortunately, as the disease of Macbeth's mind spreads, it takes on the new form of evil. For example, by Act 2, scene 1, his ?heat oppressed mind? sees apparitions of the dagger he will use to murder Duncan. Soon after Duncan is slain, Lennox, unaware of this dreadful deed, describes how the earth was ?feverous.? Not only does this comment show that the natural order reflects the moral order, it is also the starting point of Scotland's downfall under the rule of Macbeth as king. In Act 3, scene 4, Macbeth has prepared a banquet that is seemingly in honour of Banquo, whom he has just murdered. During the banquet, Banquo's ghost comes back to haunt Macbeth for his actions. Macbeth, unaware that he is surrounded by several Lords, openly expresses his shock when he sees Banquo's ghost. Lady Macbeth quickly comes to her husband's aid, saying that he is merely plagued by a common infirmity that causes him to hallucinate. Although this revelation is entirely false, it does have some ironic connotations: Macbeth is ill with the disease of evil. As the play progresses, the imagery of the diseased Macbeth becomes more evident. In the beginning of Act 4, scene 3, Malcolm and Macduff, lament the fact that Scotland is as ill as its ruler, Macbeth, who has now earned himself the terrible title of ?tyrant.? Malcolm even goes so far to vividly describes how his country, personified as a being, bleeds under Macbeth. This metaphor of a diseased country is extended as Macduff introduces the idea of healing Scotland, upon learning that his family has been killed. He ominously vows to slaughter Macbeth, thus curing his homeland with the medicine of revenge. Even Lady Macbeth has been affected by the spread of the malady. On a literal basis she has actually suffered a mental breakdown, primarily due to the heavy load on her conscience. Figuratively, however, she is not suffering from a sick body, but a sick soul. She is merely living in the horror of the recollection of the evil deeds that she has committed. For this reason, the doctor's diagnosis is that her only hope rests on divine healing rather than physical recuperation. The Scottish nobles continue the imagery of disease to stress that their opposition to Macbeth's ?distempered cause? is justified. In Act 5, scene 2, Malcolm has been identified as the medicine for the sick country. Moreover, his men are ready to shed their blood as ?purge? for Scotland's affliction. Back in Macbeth's camp, the tyrant asks a doctor to cure both the ailing Lady Macbeth and Scotland and to find out the cause of their troubles. Ironically, Macbeth is unaware that, in fact, he himself is the root of both of these predicaments. The use of imagery in Macbeth is effective in creating suspense and establishing the atmosphere of evil lurking. The imagery of disease as a metaphor for evil and corruption is appropriate for several reasons. Firstly, Macbeth's slow descent down the moral ladder is similar to a disease slowly spreading through an organism. Secondly, just as Macbeth is unable to rid himself of the thought of killing Duncan, a disease is often uncontrollable. Finally, the metaphor is extended, as Malcolm (and to a lesser extent Macduff) is seen as medicine or a healer who cures Scotland of its infirmity.

buy custom Balanced Scorecard essay

buy custom Balanced Scorecard essay The balanced scorecard helps a company in planning for its future endeavors so as to ensure that the company attains a sustainable competitive advantage which is based on its long-term survival in the competitive market and also increase in its profit margins. The Balanced Scorecard is an avenue which provides an approach into deciding the companys strategies, the objectives which can make it to attain its strategic visions, and how it can deliver so as to get an outcome which is very desirable in the future. The balances scorecard can help in the transformation of the strategic plans of a company since it provides a framework which gives the performance measurements which can help the decision makers in the company to identify how the performance can be measured and also what can actually be done in the measuring of the performance. This paper will focus on Pearson Plc. Company which is a publishing company and it investigates if the balanced scorecard has any link to the strategy and vision of the company in 4 measurement areas namely; the financial perspective, the customer perspective, the internal business process perspective and the growth and learning perspectives. The paper furthers the suggestions which have been tabled to be some improvements in the balanced scorecard and the limitations. Vision and strategy A strategy is a directional scope of an organization over its long-term abilities, which are usually aimed at achieving the set goals of a company. There are nine forces which can serve as a basis for a business strategy: the products offered, the market needs, the technology, the production capability, the methods of sales, the methods of distribution, the natural resources, the size and growth, and the returns in the profit levels. The decisions to a proper and successful strategy are determined by the products and services, the customers, the market segments, and the geographic areas. In order for a business to be able to achieve its set objectives, it must be able to come up with a strategy which is suitable, like, for example, if the strategys aim is to increase the companys total revenue, then the strategy has to be aimed at new investments, or even the launching of new products. A strategy is very difficult to be reversed, since when a company decides to implement a strategy, it is absolutely not possible to be able to switch the resources towards another direction. The outcome of a good strategic plan is the goal setting of a company which is purely based on its vision and mission statement. The vision of Pearson Plc. Company is about the powering of the performance in in education where its current strategy is aimed at the provision of all schools with a flexible choice and the use of the new technology so as to establish the needed infrastructure which is essential for powering performance to all its stakeholders. The success of our company which usually operates mainly for marketing and the acquisition of high profits are dependent on the management and the establishment of all the products and services that are being offered by the company (Miles, 2003). For our company to be able to compete and survive in the competitive market, it has to be very successful. A sustainable competitive advantage is a prolonged benefit that a company possesses and achieves by the creation of new products and services which are valued and targeted by the market and they cannot be replaced easily or even duplicated by the competition (Adrian and Rieple 2008). It requires that a company or a business unit is able to erect suitable barriers against competition by looking at the basis of competition and who the business is competing against. PEARSON has been able to have a sustainable competitive advantage because of its efficient market hypothesis and its consideration of price volume relation in terms of stock pr ices in the stock market (Hamel Prahalad) In order for a business to be able to achieve a set of objectives, it must be able to develop a suitable strategy, for example, if the strategys aim is to increase the companys total revenue, then the strategy has to be aimed at new investments or launching of new products (Cobbold Lawrie, 2002). Pearsons marketing strategy is simple and it aims at the total satisfaction of all customers, which is one of the marketing tools that the company uses to create the product awareness among high and middle income individuals. Balanced scorecard A balanced scorecard (BSC) is a management and a strategic planning system which is used in a business so as to align the vision and strategy of the organization, monitor all the organizations general performances according the strategic goals that they have set, and also aids in the improving of the external and the internal communications in the organization (Voelper, et al., 2006). Strategic planning is a systematic process which is continuous and is aimed at guiding an organization into making solid decisions about its future, to be able to develop all the procedures and operations that are necessary for the organization to achieve its future set goals, and also to develop and determine ways on how the success of the company or organization will be achieved (Richard, et al., 2009). The balanced scorecard (BSC) was developed by Drs. Robert Kaplan and David Norton (2004) as being a framework which could be used to measure performance of the organization where they were able to describe the balanced scorecard to retain all the aspects of the traditional financial measures which in most cases tell more about the past events in an organization where the customer relationships and the long-term capabilities were not considered to be critical for the success of the organization (Lynch, 2006) . The Figure below shows a balanced scorecard which is suitable for use by the directors and managers of Pearson Plc. Company in aligning its business activities to the companys vision and strategy and also in the monitoring of the performance against the strategic goals. Personal drive is the main facto in the execution of the Pearson companys strategy which involves courage of the leaders and the managers, who in most cases are able to take responsibilities for their own actions and are also able to reorganize (Thompson Strickland 2003) the company by showing great courage and readiness to jump into action so that new ideas can begin to take effect at once. The leadership in the Pearson Company has enabled it to soar into greater heights The balance scorecard brings out 4 perspectives which show that there exist a balance between the subjective measures and objective measures, the driving forces of all the future results and the performance results, and the external and internal measures (Papalexandris, et al., 2005). The Financial Perspective The financial perspective in a business entails the decision makers to analyze the finances of the company where they can be able to determine if the management of the finances has achieved the companys objectives and mission. The financial perspectives in Pearson Company include the operating income which is shown in the Pearsons income statement, economic value added, and the return on capital employed which is estimated to be about 13.3% in 2010 and 13.4% in 2009 (Appendix A). The Customer Perspective The customer perspective implies that customer satisfaction is very essential to a company or business. This is because it is the customers who consume the products and they have needs and wants which should be met so as to continue consuming the companys products and also bring in brand new customers to the company. Pearsons main aim is consumer satisfaction since the company believes that it is the customer that determines the profitability of a company. This includes measure like the retention of the existing customers, the total market share in the market segments, and consumer satisfaction. In the customer perspective, Pearson used the customers satisfaction rates where they used polls to get the data where they targeted about 89% customer satisfaction. This is because the Pearson Company usually contacts online surveys so as to determine the satisfaction of all their customers so as to know how to plan for the future of the consumer welfare. The Business Process Perspective The business process perspective is what proceeds the customer perspective since a company should be able to analyze all the processes which it uses in satisfying the customers needs. This can help the company to analyze if its internal processes are efficient enough to meet the expectations of the customers and also it can enable the company to come up with new strategies on how they can improve their service and product delivery, and also improve in their efficiency in the future. In the business perspective, Pearson used the metric of servicing all the calls coming to the call center by the potential customers where the target was to answer each call that came in within 30 minutes where the second target was to decrease the total number of calls which were dropped to 3% or less. This metric helped in measuring the incoming calls with the plan of the implementation of a phone tracker so as to track all the calls that comes in from the customers. The Learning and Growth Perspective The learning and growth perspective includes learning and innovation which are needed by the company so that it can attain a competitive advantage over its close competitors. Employee training and education is very important and the company has to motivate the employees. The key decision makers would be able to determine the strategic positioning of the company and also make sure that all the objectives and goals which have been set have been attained in the future. In the learning perspective, Staff development is an important process in Pearson where the company encourages the training of employees so as to improve on the companys efficiency. This perspective includes measures like the satisfaction and the retention of the employees, and the skills set. In this perspective, the employees of Pearson were supposed to each take some courses and training where they were supposed to be tested and those who succeed will have got a 90% in the test. The company will come up with a training module which will later be followed by a test. Pearson has the ability to continuously come up with revolutionary innovations which help to boost the companys sales and also widen the profit margins, this shows that Pearson has a great and a substantial innovation resources which are very hard to be imitated by the companys close competitors and they are very valuable to the company. Through the human resource management, Pearson Company is able to provide skills through the training of all its employees around the globe which would equip them with all the knowledge and skills which are required to be able to produce a better output (Johnson, et al., 2005). The motivation of employees in a company is very vital since it contributes to the profitability of the company in terms of an increase in the output levels since the employees are very willing to work and produce more. Strategic positioning of Pearson is at the point of gathering sufficient information concerning the internal and the external environments and also including the companys stakeholders in making important strategic decisions. It is very important for the Pearson to take into account the future of the company by trying to access the suitability of the current strategy (Johnson et al. 2005). The stakeholders of Pearson Company are the key parties that have influence over the company and its future endeavors. Some of the major key stakeholders of Pearson Company are employees, customers, the government, investors, institutions, shareholders, and suppliers. The BSC objectives of Pearson company is that the company intends and aims to be worlds leading publishing company in London andd for that to be possible, the company it has to increase its turnover from the financial perspective by increasing its turnover by about 15% which then becomes the new financial objective of the company. This turnover is provided by the potential customers of the companys products since they should be able to get all their delivering in a timely manner which makes the customer objective. The company also has other internal activities like the filling of orders, production planning and control, and purchasing where all of those internal activities start with the customer receiving the order and ends with the customer getting all the delivering of the goods and services which in the end makes up the process objective. Another form of a process objective is where all the orders are entered in the production and planning systems. The innovations objective states that there is need for changes especially in the infrastructure so as to ensure that the companys strategy is fully accomplished. The measures which are the key performance indicators (KPI) of BSC are the parameters which are observable and are used by the company to attain its set objectives. The Pearson Company has a profitable growth objective which is measurable through the measurement of the companys net margin growth. The identification of the balance scorecards initiatives is very important since the initiatives act as the main drivers of the strategy and it also addresses the gaps which are between the BSC targets and the BSC measures and the measures which are geared towards performance (Kaplan and Norton, 2004). Niven (2002) argued that initiatives which are effective would help in closing the gap which exists between the desired performance and the current performance. The limitations of a balanced score card are that it can take a very long time to implement the whole project where the company would be required to make time for investments so as to be able to implement on the project. The implementation in Pearson required that there be the participation of each employee since there were numerous data which were required which could take a very long time and the whole process to be tiring. The definition of the measures of the organization is also not a very easy task where the company would have to choose only those measures which can be linked. A strategy map is used by a company like Pearson company As a communication tool to show how value can be created for the company since they demonstrate a logical connection in the strategic objectives which can be in the cause-and-effect chain form. It improves the general performance in all the objectives which are mainly found on the bottom row which can enable a company to be able to improve the internal process of the companys perspective objectives which are usually shown in the next row up which further leads to the creation of desirable results by the company in the financial and customer perspectives which are shown in the two rows which are on top. A strategy map links the shareholder, the management, customer, core capabilities, innovation, information technology, process management, value creation, and quality management where it helps in describing the strategy and then communicating the strategies to the top executives and the other employees in the company. What I would recommend to the board of Pearson Company is that they should adapt a leadership management strategy. In order for a company to be successful in the competitive market there is a need to have good innovative leaders and also are very good in the decision making of the company. Some executives are solely to be blamed for the failure of the businesses and the companies that they manage because they prioritize the profit goal ahead of the customer satisfaction goal (Wright et al., 2005). The customers play a very important role in the existence of the company since however good the companys products are, it needs the customers to purchase the products. Customer satisfaction determines the profitability of the company and the total sales that a company makes because the better the customer satisfaction the more the consumption of the products. The executives of Pearson Company are leaders and they should come up with a good decision making process and have very good leadership qualities which would enable them to lead the company towards attaining its set goals and objectives (Sadler-Smith 2006). The reason why I recommended the leadership management strategy is that leadership is crucial for the company. A successful organization should have a well-defined far-sighted stand and, above all, a good leadership management, which is innovative enough to be able to pursue the objectives of the organization. A goal is an endeavor to achieve something during a specified period of time and it is supposed to be realistic and specific. Such goals the company sets are then translated by its leaders into activities and objectives. The main aim of the executives of Pearson Company is to move the organization into attaining a high performance through the operational planning and making it a global visionary company. In conclusion, a balance card can help a company to measure its performance which can lead to the success of the company but for the balance score card to be effective, there has to be good leaders in the company. Leadership in any organization starts with a vision, which is directed towards the goals of the company, and a good leader is the one who is aimed at scoring big successes for his organization. Leaders help when it comes to the strategic planning, which is a systematic continuous process and is aimed at guiding an organization into making solid decisions about its future, to be able to develop all the procedures and operations that are necessary for the organization to achieve its future set goals, and also to develop and determine ways on how the success of the company or organization will be achieved. This strategic plan is usually a long term plan of action which is designed by an organization in order to achieve its set goals and objectives (Thompson Frank 2005). 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English Composition 1 essayThis paper is to be an argument; it must Essay

English Composition 1 essayThis paper is to be an argument; it must put forth a position about which reasonable, educated people can be expected to disagree. It must not present both sides of the story - Essay Example The use of tobacco casts deep effects on the health of a regular user. There are many diseases associated with the use of tobacco products. The use of tobacco products can cause cancer in many parts of the body. Children and women are more vulnerable to the negative effects of tobacco. This essay aims at identifying the drawbacks of smoking cigarettes and other tobacco products. This essay tries to make all aware of the reasons why all tobacco products should be banned. Smoking tobacco harms our health in many ways. In fact, the use of tobacco is akin to slow poisoning. The most famous and favorite form of tobacco products is ‘Cigarette’. Cigars and chewing tobacco are some important forms of the consumable tobacco products. Federal Drug Agency noted that use of tobacco is injurious to health (Federal Drug Agency). There are many diseases associated with tobacco usage. As per estimates by independent non-governmental organizations, more than 20 million people have been died due to use of cigarettes. There are many diseases associated with the usage of tobacco. In the US alone, smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths per year. The most dangerous diseases associated with the use of tobacco products are Lung Cancer, Oral Cancer, and other Cardiovascular and Respiratory diseases (National Cancer Institute).There are numerous harms of tobacco products. Cigarette, the famous tobacco product is also injurious to health. Smocking can cause cancer in many part of the body including Bladder, Blood (acute myeloid leukemia), Cervix, Colon, Esophagus, Kidney, Larynx, Liver, Oropharynx, Pancreas, Stomach, and Trachea (National Cancer Institute). Tobacco products also badly affect our brain and activities of brain. The effect of a commonly used tobacco product cigarette, as an example would further reflect on the related risks and harms. Generally, a smoker inhales 10 puffs on a cigarette in a 5 minutes time.

Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Review - Article Example g tool of promotion, but it has provided a wide platform of online market between the consumers and sellers in selling and purchasing of goods and services. Unfortunately, with infinite quantities of information being published on the internet, the protection of intellectual property rights has been introduced in order to protect various brands and products from unscrupulous vendors. Notably, the countries around the world have been striving to best utilize the technological advancement. Among these countries, Canada has efficiently been able to take benefits of e-business, as the country is witnessing an increasing trend of business transaction based on electronic links and data exchange between the sellers and the customers. Accordingly, it was reported by Statistics Canada in its ‘Internet use survey’ that the people of Canada are making greater and more diverse use of the internet and in 2010 nearly 79 percent of the Canadian household had internet access, while 81 p ercent in metropolitan and 71 percent in rural areas possessed internet access (The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, â€Å"Intellectual Property and E-Commerce†), Intellectual property includes creation of mind such as names, symbols and designs that are used in e-business or in general commercial activities as well as artistic works. There has been a number of Acts being enacted to protect these e-business intellectual property including the patent rights, Trade Marks Act, Industrial Design Act, and Copyright Act among others. These require the inventor to register patents, symbols, designs, music and artistic work with respective Acts or the agencies dealing with such activities. Any infringement relating to intellectual property permits the licensers and the licensees to sue against the third party under the Canadian intellectual property rights (The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, â€Å"Intellectual Property and E-Commerce†), Privacy is a major issue which is concerned with the

Programs to Improve Education in the US

Programs to Improve Education in the US Chapter 1: Introduction Topic. The current education debate in the U.S. has centered on preparing all scholars to be college and career ready by equipping them with scholastic, technical, and employability competences by the time they graduate high school (Hein, Smerdon, Lebow Agus, 2012; Stone Lewis, 2012). However, the competences gap between what employers seek and what scholars-future labor market candidates-possess has raised concerns about how the educational system prepares high school scholars to become college and career ready to meet the needs of the labor market (Stone Lewis, 2012). Without providing the scholastic, technical and employability competences that will help American teens transition smoothly into careers and college, many teens will continue to be underprepared for the labor market while employers react by grieving the existence of a competences gap among labor market candidates (Halpern, 2009; Stone Lewis, 2012). Lerman (2008) agrees that that policymakers have attempted to address the competences gaps and workplace changes, due to global labor market changes, by enhancing educational attainment through more requirements scholastic initiatives. These achievements though, have neglected the possibility for other learning models. Lerman thus alleged that more schooling does not make you more successful for careers. Similarly, Cappelli (2008) affirmed that, while education is a good fundamental for success, having scholars take more rigorous scholastic courses will not ensure that they will be prepared for the labor market and that should be a cause for distress. Cappelli (2008) has further alleged that there is a problem with competences gaps which ultimately lays in scholars work-based skills. Thus, while scholastic competences are considerable, employers are fascinated in how scholars can translate their education into productive practices in the workplace. Overview of the Research Problem Research shows that, despite reforms to raise scholastic achievement among high school scholars, approximately 40% of American teens, do not attend or complete college (Lerman, 2009) and subsequently enter the labor market inadequately prepared (Stone Lewis, 2012). When the focus is getting more teens into college, despite the evidence that a large majority of scholars do not complete their degrees or get jobs in their fields, society risks creating scholars who neglect their vocational futures since their choices may lack a clear connection to their goals. Scholars sometimes enter college with no clear direction (Zimmer-Gembeck Mortimer, 2006). Halpern (2009) agrees that the implicit assumption in the U.S. that everyone needs some type of traditional, post-secondary education to be abundance in the labor market since most of the educational reforms have rested on the belief that all scholars should be encouraged to pursue college degrees. Symonds, Schwarz, and Ferguson (2011) and Skills (2010) agrees that identifying alternative career pathways is essential to preparing scholars as the traditional, scholastic, classroom-based method is not suitable for the majority of American teens as it often causes such scholars to disengage from learning and graduate from school without the competences to succeed in careers or higher education. In that regard, when scholars are well prepared for careers or education, high levels of unemployment are reduced, scholars are given a sense of purpose and direction, and the time spent floundering after high school is reduced (Hamilton, 1990; Taylor Watt-Malcolm, 2007). Focusing on college and career readiness means that all scholars at the high school level can be engaged in relevant learning experiences that meet their needs and learning styles, and ultimately the needs of the labor market (Stone Lewis, 2012). Recent reports by Center for Social Organization of Schools tell us that only 75% of scholars leave high school with a diploma. In nearly 2,000 of the nations high schools, graduation is not the norm. Only 69.2% of the scholars graduate after four years (Barton, 2007; Center for Social Organization of Schools, 2008; edweek. org, 2009). Many scholars enrolled in schools are not fully engaged in the educational process due to lack of a clear connection between high school work and personal goals (Bottoms Young, 2008). The Partnership for 21st Century Skills revealed in its 2007 survey that 80% of voters say the competences scholars need to learn to prepare for 21st Century careers differ from what they needed 20 years ago (Partnership for 21ST Century Skills, 2010, and Vockley-Lang, 2007). Community and industry stakeholders also believe schools need to do a better job of keeping up with changing educational needs (Barton, 2007, Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2010 and Vockley-La ng, 2007, Walker, 2008). Successful learning to achieve life and career success requires active engagement. Engagement is defined as a school participants involvement in both learning and overall activities. Since a scholars engagement is often measured by a scholars overall achievement and school involvement, a closer look is required. Engagement is considerable for all scholars in school, whether urban, suburban, or rural, and regardless of socioeconomic background. Disengagement is a higher order factor composed of correlating factors occurring over a gradual period (Balfanz, Herzog, MacIver, 2007. Scholars may experience a loss of scholastic motivation, which leads to detachment from school and its expectations, while reducing effort and classroom involvement. Scholars in prosperous environments, when they become disengaged, may learn less than they could or miss opportunities; however, they are often provided supplemental chances to meet expectations. The consequences of disengagement vary within different socioeconomic background. The scholars most affected are from disadvantaged backgrounds, in high poverty, and urban high schools. These scholars are less likely to graduate and h ave fewer opportunities for second chances and future success (National Academy of Sciences, 2003). According to Reschly and Appleton, Engagement is the primary theoretical model for understanding the dropout and is, frankly, the bottom line in interventions to promote school completion (Reschly Appleton, 2008). Career and Technical Education programs engage scholars by providing opportunities for them to learn competences that lead to industry credentials or certification (Office of Vocational and Adult Education, 2008). Despite current federal initiatives to spur reforms in American education such as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) and Race to the Top (2009), both containing goals of making American teens competitive in the global economy, the competences gap in the United States (U.S.) has not increased (Cappelli, 2008; Christman, 2012; Lerman, 2012). A mismatch between the competences employers want and what scholars-potential employees-present in the labor market continues to exist. scholars, employers, and demographic changes, concerns with high school dropout and scholastic achievement, high college incompletion rates, and a competences gap in the labor market have generated interest in how best to engage scholars and make them college and career ready (Alfeld, Charner, Johnson Watts, 2013; Darche, Nayar Bracco, 2009b; Guy, Sitlington, Larsen Frank, 2009; Lerman, 2012; Stone Lewis, 2012). This challenge has caused policy makers, educators, and employers to seek solutions to the education and training of scholars that enhance their competences to meet employer needs. Calls have been made for educators to provide multiple career pathways for American teens and to provide work based learning activities that promote practical, and scholastic, learning (Symonds, Schwartz Ferguson, 2011). Statement of the Problem Over the past couple of years, several educational initiatives (No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 [NCLB]; Race to the Top, 2009) have been developed to increase the scholastic achievement and presumably the competitive advantage of American high school scholars. Despite the well-placed intentions of these initiatives, concern still exists that the educational system is not adequately preparing scholars with the competences needed to enter the labor market or to pursue higher education as the effects of these reforms have been modest (Lerman, 2008; Stone Lewis, 2012). The educational policy that emphasizes high-stakes testing and advancing the number of scholars entering science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields has marginalized a considerable proportion of high school scholars whose learning styles, and scholastic and career interests, do not align with educational reforms or the needs of the labor market (Lerman, 2008; Symonds, W. C., Schwartz, R. B., Ferguson R., 20 11; Stone Lewis; 2012; Trilling Fadel, 2009). Thus, even though enhancing schools is necessary, there is not a sufficient response to the labor market and global and technological changes. This study sought to address the gaps in the literature on internship programs targeted at teens in the United States. Notably, while internships have been abundance in other developed countries, little research has been conducted in recent years on internships targeted at adolescents in the U.S. Research on internships in the U.S. has focused on adult internships typically in their mid- to late twenties Hence, this study sought to address the gaps in the literature on the internship program targeted at teens in the United States. Deficiencies and Limitations in the Evidence This case study will provide an in-depth description of one internship program. The study focused on one program could be perceived as a limitation. Although the findings may apply to other organizations, generalizations of the findings to other contexts such as an established program or another industry may have severe limitations. A single case would provide additional insights and boost the findings of the study. Purpose of the Study This study will describe an internship program targeted at adolescents and aimed at addressing the employer skill needs. Examining the experiences of scholars, employers and educators engaged in internships. In the Career Technical and Education programs of the 21st century scholastic competences are stressed. In North occupations, educators, and Technical Education educators are accountable for both the skill proficiencies and scholastic gain of Career and Technical Education scholars. The indicators that require the blending of scholastic and Career and Technical Education are mandated through Perkins funding that North Carolina receives to fund local and state Career and Technical Education achievements. Accountability in Career and Technical Education is guided by the Carl Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 and other legislation, including No Child Left Behind. North Carolina is required to establish performance indicators in eight areas: 1S1: scholastic attainment: reading and language arts, 1S2: scholastic attainment: mathematics, 2S1: Technical attainment, 3S1: Completion, 4S1: Graduation rate, 5S1: Positive placement, 6S1: Nontraditional participation, 6S2: Nontraditional completion, Performance indicators 1S1, 1S2, and 4S1 are tied directly to No Child Left Behind. Because of this accountability model in place for North Carolinas Career and Technical Education programs, scholar enrollment is a major concern because enrollment can affect the formulas used to calculate performance levels. The context of this case study of an industry education partnership, will take place in one public school district in North Carolina, its 28 schools serves approxiately 17,370 scholars. The Career and Technical Education department offers courses such as Apparel, Robotics/Tech Ed., Furniture/Cabinetmaking, Accounting, Health Science, Agriculture, Culinary, Marketing, and Business. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the most considerable legislation in school reform was passed into law. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB, 2001), promoted higher achievement standards, required schools to hire highly qualified educators, allowed for school choice, and changed school district spending. This sweeping reform in the education system caused considerable change and placed more focus on scholastic achievement using standards-based curriculum with standardized testing in core scholastic subjects (Rush Sherff, 2012). Since this change in education reform has occurred, a shortage of workforce ready individuals along with decreased confidence in the viability of Career and Technical Education programming exists (Gray, 2002; Bray, 2011). Further, high schools are forced to offer more rigorous, scholastic-focused courses to meet standards and high stakes testing requirements, forcing schools to forgo what has been a historically considerable part of secondary education (Siegel, 2009). Such focus on standards and raising the threshold for test scores results in insufficient time for hands-on activities and cooperative learning. Further, the standards for high stakes testing, as required by the No Child Left Behind Act, narrow the enterprise of education (Lewis, 2002; Parkison 2009). At the school, district, and state levels under NCLB, schools needs for meeting NCLB expectations have damaged the impact of Career and Technical Education programs. Some professionals view Career and Technical Education programs as an extra and therefore Career and Technical Education programs maintain diminished value in helping to raise school achievement scores or encourage scholar success. Because of this perception, school administrators have been forced to reduce parts or entire Career and Technical Education programs from their scholastic offerings, decreasing the value and quality of Career and Technical Education programs (Haussmann, 2012). The United States is experiencing a shortage in workforce ready high school graduates due, in part, to the change in curricular offerings in high schools across the country (McNamara, 2009). Employers have determined that teens entering the workforce lack basic soft competences such as teamwork, interpersonal communication, and organizational competences. McNamaras (2009) findings report that more than 80% of employers were concerned about soft competences deficiencies among workers. On the technical side, secondary indicators for scholastic success included industry standards (Gordon, 2008). The increased funding on a local level has strengthened technical competences of scholars through integration and provide experiences in all aspects of an industry (Gordon, 2008). Besides, integration of curriculum and a broad program of study, the Perkins Act also sought to improve, expand, and modernize Career and Technical Education programs. The funding provided for modernization of current Career and Technical Education programs has been given to provide activities to prepare special populations and mainstream populations for high-skill, high-wage, and high-demand occupations that lead to self-sufficiency (Gordon, 2008). Throughout the last two decades, there has been a renewed belief that Career and Technical Education can impact the scholastic performance of scholars. Daggett suggested that scholars need both scholastic and Career and Technical Education competences. Daggett (2013) stated: If Career and Technical Education is to remain a viable program in secondary schools, it is essential that Career and Technical Education leaders and educators be able to prove that Career and Technical Education contributes not just to the applied workplace competency demands of business but also to the scholastic proficiencies of its served scholar populations on state scholastic tests. While schools are aiming to integrate and modernize their Career and Technical Education programs to prepare scholars for these occupations, industry has helped shape their mission. Employers have been willing to pay higher salaries for higher levels of competences and certifications in the nonprofessional workforce (Ausman, 2009). Some schools and programs have recognized this and have reached out to industry to match the needs of their scholars success and the needs of industry. Programs such as High Schools That Work (HSTW) have sought to increase scholars readiness for college and better prepare their scholars who would seek immediate employment (Gibbs, 2006). These programs help meet the needs of industry, while also matching the rigorous ambitions of current legislation for schools under No Child Left Behind (Gibbs, 2006). In the PBS documentary Making Schools Work, Joyce Phillips, principal of Corbin High Schools in Kentucky, shared that nearly 80% of all high school scholars need a hook something that makes them want to come to school and have a desire to learn. She believed programs integrating high scholastic standards and rigor, and a comprehensive program for Career and Technical Education focusing on certification and skill development, are the answer to hooking those 80% high school scholars (Gibbs, 2006). Integrating competences-based technical education with scholastic rigor in the traditional curriculum such as reading, writing, math, and science can give these scholars an opportunity in a variety of arenas following completion of high school. Hiring trainable employees is becoming increase difficult because most scholars seeking employment have little work history, limited educational credentials, and a brief rà ©sumà © (Ausman, 2009). Experts predicted in 2010 over 80% of jobs would require scholars to have additional training beyond a high school diploma (Ausman, 2009). Current programs and curriculum in Career and Technical Education are cognizant of this alarming statistic and the need to provide scholars with competences and training in industry besides scholastic preparation for college and beyond (Ausman, 2009). Despite Career and Technical Education of the past being thought of as a track for scholars who would not need the scholastic rigor and demands of the college preparatory curriculum, research has proven that Career and Technical Education engages and motivates scholars by giving them real world opportunities and challenges that will enhance and provide connection to their education (Harris Wakelyn, 2007). Recently, employers have communicated with educators to tell schools what competences are needed, and these collaborative achievements often include the scholastic rigor necessary to prepare for schooling beyond high school (Ausman, 2009). It is now estimated that over half of all scholars choosing to take part in some Career and Technical Education curriculum at their school are taking the bulk of their courses within the college preparatory curriculum (Harris Wakelyn, 2007). The achievements of schools to restructure curriculum and increase rigor come in the wake of high dropout rates and stagnant college completion rates over the past several years (Harris Wakelin, 2007). Entrepreneurial philanthropists such as Bill Gates have been challenging public schools over the past decade to include more relevant experiences and real-world practical application to their curriculum, which some find obsolete. At a 2005 conference, Mr. Gates stated that nearly 70% of all scholars who dropped out of high school claim they would have stayed more engaged and not dropped out if the school offered more engaging, real world learning opportunities (Harris Wakelyn, 2007). This call to action was just what Career and Technical Education programs across the country needed to hear because of their ability to give scholars the opportunity to learn in applied settings (Harris Wakelyn, 2007). Organizations no longer bear the primary responsibility for their workers career development, instead expecting each individual to take on that responsibility (Adamson, 1997; Conlon, 2003; Graham Nafukho, 2004. Career Development, which has a long history and rich theoretical base and human resource development, a relatively young field of study still developing and refining its theoretical base (Lynham, 2000; Swanson, 2001; Torraco, 2004;). Contrary to what many people believe, theory is not intended to be haughty pontification about a scholarly topic. Instead, the development of theory, specifically in emerging fields such as Human Resource Development, should lead to explanations that aid practitioners and scholars alike in using and explaining issues that impact people and organizations. The refinement of theory is also an considerable aspect of theory building and in the established field of career development scholars are now calling for the convergence of existing career development theory into a framework to address the current theoretical inadequacies (Savickas, 2001; Zunker, 2002). The Carl D. Perkins Act (2006) specified that local education agencies applying for federal funding illustrate in their local planning systems how career guidance and scholastic counseling be provided to Career and Technical Education scholars including linkages to future education and training opportunities (US Department of Education, 2012). A career development coordinator can work with Career and Technical Education scholars to develop realistic plans of study, assist with registration, and serve as an advocate for Career and Technical Education scholars. During middle school scholars explore and understand a variety of careers while developing a scholar portfolio that includes career interest inventories, learning style inventories, and the development of four year plans. The transition from middle to high school can present challenges for scholars due to the increased in rigorous coursework and scholar expectations (Breakthrough Collaborative, 2011). Therefore, effective career development and advisement activities are an influential factor in Career and Technical Education course selections in secondary education. Career development and advisement activities can be provided from a variety of individuals including parents, educators, and counselors. In their study, Manzi, Palma, and Schultheiss (2005) found that to strengthen the connection between school and future result, choices, and school counselors could provide children with experiences that more clearly link scholastic subject areas with various occupations. This concept supports the notion of a program of study that combines a rigorous Career and Technical Education and scholastic curriculum directed by a scholars career interest. According to Kalchik and Oertle (2012) program of study provi de a means for exploring options, organizing course selections and planning for transition while developing knowledge and competences. Despite the presumed relationship between Career and Technical Education and career development, a gap continues to exist between the two because Career and Technical Education courses alone do not provide the essential components available within a career development program (Kalchik Oertle, 2012). Therefore, comprehensive career development plans that incorporate scholastic and career courses meet the college and career readiness goals outlined in the Common Core State Standards (CCSS, n. d.). A comprehensive career development program assists with the development of programs of study that are developed at the eighth grade with the help of the school counselor and parents with the scholar prior to transitioning to high school. However, emphasis on career development that could help steer Career and Technical Education programs have not been greatly emphasized in our educational systems, although early educators stressed the importance of vocational competences to a childs overall development (Gutek, 2011; Lewis, M. V., Kosine, N. R., Overman, L., 2008). McComb Beverage (2012) suggest that when career development programs are not put into place during the adolescent stage, scholars may face difficulty making career choices upon graduation from high school. Mei, Newmeyer, and Wei (2008) conducted a study on the factors that influence a scholars career choices by analyzing the relationships among learning experiences, career self efficacy, career interest, and career choices. Mei, T., Newmeyer, M. D., Wei, P. (2008) found that interventions are needed to provide scholars with a comprehensive career development program that helps scholars develop self-efficacy in their desired careers through practical learning activities. In a study to understand the factors that influence enrollment in Career and Technical Education programs at an occupational center, Gene (2010) examined the human and other factors while exploring the most effective communication strategies that accurately present the advantages of Career and Technical Education. Gene (2010) found the factors that influenced scholars to enroll were having a high school career plan, earning credits toward high school graduation, and a job shadowing someone in the field where they were fascinated. McComb-Beverage (2012) found that self-efficacy can be an influential component to an adolescents career planning process. Supers (1992) life span theory depicts his life-span rainbow as a model for the practice of career development and counseling. The life span theory helps to develop conceptual design instruments for career assessments. A model of Career Development, Maturity, and Adaptability, Model of Importance and Determinants seeks to draw on matching theory and its knowledge base, on developmental theory and its wisdom, and on phenomenology or personal construct theory. It seeks, too, to portray what we know about person-environment interaction (Super, D. E., Osborne, L. W., Walsh, D. J. Brown, S., Niles, S. G., 1992). Career assessments including The Strong Inventory, The Career Development Inventory, The Adult Careers Concern Inventory, and the Saliency Inventory conceptualize the career interest of an individual (Super, Osborne, Walsh, Brown, Niles, 1992). North Carolina Career and Technical Education programs are required to provide a Career Development Plan (CDP) on all scholars when they are transitioning to postsecondary education that includes a variety of inventories to gauge the scholars career interests and learning abilities (NC 5-Year Career and Technical Education State Plan, 2008). Career counseling to enhance career development can be implemented within programs and institutions with the use of assessments and inventories as designed by Super (1992). McComb-Beverage (2012) found that lifespan coupled with an effective career development program can assist adolescents in creating realistic goals for the future. The learning style of individuals can also play a vital role in their course selections and their career and college goals because style of learning determines how an individual processes each new experience. As a model, Career, and decisions are influenced through lived experiences. Kolb and Yeganeh (2009) explained, For many, this learning style choice has become relatively unconscious, comprised of deeply patterned routines applied globally to learning situations. Mindfulness can put the control of learning back in the learners hands. Therefore, assessing scholar learning styles during the career development process can help guide scholars in making informed decisions during and after high school. Career guidance and a variety of inventories are essential tools for transition from school to work where Friedman (2007) suggests that individuals should be provided with tools that make them lifetime employable. In order for scholars to gain both Career and Technical Education and scholastic competences, scholars must be recruited into Career and Technical Education programs. If low enrollment becomes an issue for a Career and Technical Education, they could be held accountable for various performance standards, including scholastic gain. Low or declining enrollment is a concern for Career and Technical Education educators and administrators due to the standards mandated in the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Act of 1998. Administrators in state agencies and local Career and Technical Education departments agree that accountability is the key aspect in Perkins III. Because Congress gave more flexibility to the states in dividing funds, they expected in return to see positive results from the supported Career and Technical Education programs. Therefore, through the accountability model, Career and Technical Education must show its contribution to scholarly achievement, progr am completion rates, and the placement of scholars in postsecondary education and the workforce. To meet accountability expectations, states had to develop systems that measure performance using three or four specific indicators. Social literacy contract. Historically, vocational education, now titled, Career and Technical Education began as an apprenticeship agreement for individuals to learn a skilled trade prior to entering the workforce (Lynch, 2006). In the early nineteen- hundreds, Career and Technical Education expanded into a program that was ultimately offered in schools to supply both the industrial and agricultural workforces with skilled workers. School reforms, such as the Smith-Hughes National Vocational Education Act of 1917, required specific skilled training to retain scholars in secondary schools and provide trained workers for semiskilled occupations (Gordon, Daggett, McCaslin, Parks, Castro, 2002). The landmark legislation, The Carl D. Perkins Act of 1984, confirmed politicians belief that Career and Technical Education is an considerable contributor both economically and socially. According to Gordon, Yocke, Maldonado, and Saddler (2007), the Perkins Act emphasized improvement in scholas tic achievement and the preparation of school-aged individuals for postsecondary education and work. Career and technical education is often viewed as way to prepare scholars of lower socioeconomic standing for the work force. This belief was characterized when a U.S. Department of Education employee characterized Career and Technical Education programs as preparing scholars for careers as shoe repairers (DAmico, 2003). The Career and Technical Education stereotype prevails in the minds of many administrators with the thinking, as Gray (2004) stated, It prepares scholars only for work after high school, and its scholars are mostly male, too often minorities, economically backward, and destined for dead-end jobs. The attitudes of administrators may not be overt in those stated beliefs. Those attitudes are unrecognized paradigms as deeply ingrained as are underlying sexist attitudes and racial attitudes. On April 24, 1997, former Assistant Secretary for Vocational and Adult Education Patricia W. McNeil addressed the Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee. In her statement, she discussed the importance of career and technical (vocational) education for the 21st century. McNeil stated: We need a new vision of vocational education if we ensure that scholars are prepared for the information age of the 21st century. That vision must reflect the rapidly changing demands of our economy and society brought on by new technologies, global competition, and changes in the organization of work. Our vision must reflect the knowledge and competences that workers, citizens, and family members will need to be abundance in a world that is dramatically different than the one that existed when we got our formal education. We must envision new kinds of schools. I believe it is considerable that we think about vocational education as an integral part of our achievements to reform secondary schools and improve postsecondary education. There has been an expansion of Career and Technical Education in the United