British Slavery in the Middle of the 18th Century Essay

British Slavery in the Middle of the 18th Century - Essay Example This paper declares that  in Britain colonies, the white masters owned black domestics and the number of black servants one had showed their position or wealth. With time, owning slaves became a trendy habit and slaves were imported to satisfy these tastes. In England, slaves were more than rejects and worthless people in the growing Atlantic empire. Slavery suited Africans since the whites regarded them as less human, which then made them predators of slavery system that removed them from their homelands and cast them ashore in Europe particularly Britain. In Britain, forcing slaves into horrible labour involved justifications from the Bible and ancient Greek practise.From the discussion it is clear that  the definition of Britain as the largest slave trafficker globally was highly due to London. It was in London where the earliest slave traffickers like John Hawkins lived in the 16th century. In addition, the early seventeenth century saw the creation of monopoly firms by Royal Charter with the objective of slave trade. Slave trade companies located in London included The Royal Africa Company and the Royal Adventurers. Ports in London played the crucial role of sending ships to Africa and America, and handling and processing most slave-produced goods and sugar into Britain. Obtaining slaves from African states was not an easy task and at times, it involved random raids by Europeans before becoming a regular commerce.

Books Activity - print or electronic media Essay

Books Activity - print or electronic media - Essay Example I did not have to focus on forming images in my mind or connecting the story. Since everything was right before me on the television screen, my mind wandered a lot and I barely absorbed what I was watching. After both experiences, I have determined that I find the printed word much more enjoyable, as well as exhilarating. One of the most exciting things about reading a book is being able to determine on my own what everything looks like, from the characters to the settings. When it comes to a television show, there is no room left for imagination. The creators of the show have decided everything for you. If my mind is not actively involved in the activity, I feel no connection to it. With a book, I am able to keep my focus by becoming engaged in the story as I try to picture all that is going on; while watching television, it becomes harder to get myself involved in a story that already has unalterable images. As such, I am definitely a print media person as opposed to an electronic media

Resorts And Palaces Of Taj Hotels

Resorts And Palaces Of Taj Hotels Marketing is a prime asset of any companies in todays market. Marketing department is the backbone of any companies any d if the company doesnt have this can be called handicapped. It context to a hotel it also a has vital role, as the hospitality is a fast growing industry and has tough competition everywhere; so it is very important to be ahead of the competition. In this context marketing plays a fatherly role. Marketing department is the area which comes in contact with the customers and tells about the product and the services provided by the hotel and compare it with its competition. During this project the author has given the introduction and importance of marketing about marketing in comparison to a hotel. A brief about taj hotels palace and resorts has given in relation to its history and segment of customers served. The main objective of this particular project to learn, analyze and propose solutions wherever required to the various marketing strategies undergone by the Taj Palace, New Delhi hotel and also giving the reason for the proposed solutions to it. This project would also allow the author to know and learn about the city and would also allow the author to understand about the hospitality trends in the city. It would also help the author to understand the competitors of Taj Palace, New Delhi and providing significant reasons and facts for supporting the reasons of the provided solutions and suggestions. This will also help to learn about the city and will learn what the trends of hospitality in the city are. It will help to learn what strategies are the competitors of Taj Palace, New Delhi to compress it competition. Marketing: An Introduction For a business not to advertise is like winking at a girl in the dark. You know what you are doing but no one else does Stuart H. Britt, US advertising consultant Marketing is a social and managerial process to obtain they need and want through creating and exchanging products of what they need. Kotler defines marketing as The key to achieving organisational goals consist in determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors. marketing today helps in understanding the psychology of customers so that products can be innovated accordingly. . In the Hospitality Industry, leaders like the Taj Hotels Resorts Palaces, Marriott International, Hilton, Hyatt, etc are increasing their market share at the expense of smaller chains and independent operators because they possess a thorough understanding of marketing which is essential to ensure steady flow of customers. Marketing involves the following questions: How to find the right customers? Different products? How does one reduce cost of customer acquisition? The scope of marketing is quite broad. The implication is that the firm uses to acquire customers and manage the relation with them. The Kotler definition encompasses both development of new products and services and their delivery to customers. Marketing expert Regis McKenna expressed a similar viewpoint in his influential 1991 Harvard Business Review article Marketing is everything. McKenna argued that because marketing management encompasses all factors that influence a companys ability to deliver value to customers; it must be all-pervasive, part of everyones job description, from the receptionists to the Board of Directors. The Importance of Marketing in Context to the Hospitality Sector Marketing is one of the most important tool in the in the hospitality sector as well as other sectors which plays a major role. In other industries selling of products are sold is marketing but in the hospitality sector it is sold with a slight variance. In a hotel it is not the product it is the service that is provided to the guest. Both service marketing and goods marketing start with a crucial need identification and product design functions; goods generally are produced before sold and services generally are sold before produced. Service industry has less influence on comparison with the other industries. The influence is slow comparison to the industries. The customers who have not witnessed the product may have a different opinion. Goods marketers may be able to move prospective customers from brand awareness to brand preference with packaging, promotion, pricing and distribution whereas services marketers usually cannot. The services provided in a hotel are intangible. This type of service makes it more difficult to describe the services provided to the customers so the customers can only feel the services. Customers perception of risk tends to be high for services because services cannot be touched, smelled, tasted or tried on before purchase. Customers can try a new product like a test drive of a car but to experience the services of a hotel he has register as a guest in the hotel. Service marketers can create brand awareness and induce trial before the sale, but they demonstrate benefits and build brand preference most effectively after the sale. Superior service can only be felt it cant be packed and given to customers. Introduction to Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) is a subsidiary of Taj Hotels Resorts Palaces which is a part of the TATA Group which is Asias largest group and one of the finest and the oldest companies of India. The first hotel built by Taj was Taj Mahal Palace built in 1903 and it was built because Indians were not allowed to stay in prestigious hotels and not allowed in clubs during the British rule. This lead in the foundation of the Tata Group by Mr. Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. The hotel alone stands for more than a century. The main development of the group started in the 70s under the leadership of the then Chairman and Managing Director, Mr. Ajit Kerkar. In the starting came the Rambagh Palace in Jaipur. They started with the concept of converting century old palaces into hotels, which is now USP of the Company. During the years many more hotels like Taj Coromandel and the Fishermans Cove, Fort Aguada Beach Resort were built. In the 80s the company came up with two more hotels in the capital city and Bangalore. These hotels are ethnic in nature and they are setup according to international standards. The Taj is symbol of hospitality in India and completed 100 years in 2003. Till date the company has 78 hotels including resorts and palaces. Out of which 18 are abroad which are in Malaysia, United Kingdom, United States of America, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa, the Middle East and Australia. In India it has 60 hotels across 45 locations like Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Goa etc. as the brand holds such diverse network it symbolises Indian hospitality in India and Abroad. The Managing Director, R.K. Krishnakumar says The vision for the Taj Group is for it to be a select chain, present globally. Asian, perhaps in character, but absolutely international in terms of systems and processes and with a strong West European focus. The way forward was to make sure that the entire Taj team is imbued with the missionary zeal to sell the brand. The Taj caters all types of hotels like luxury, business and premium. Amongst the clientele, international travellers form the bulk of the market for the Taj particularly in the metros. Even the profiles of the Indian customers are changing with time. Categories of Taj Hotels Taj Hotels Palaces and Resorts is an international hospitality group with strong roots in India. For the past 100 years they had build their own reputation on legendary properties, unparalleled facilities and impeccable service. They operate in the luxury, premium, mid market and value segments of the market through their following brands: Taj (luxury full-services resorts and palaces) is their flagship brand for the worlds most discerning travellers seeking authentic experiences given that luxury is a way of life to which there are accustomed. Spanning world renewed landmarks, modern business hotels idyllic beach resorts, authentic Rajput palaces and rustic safari lodges ,each Taj hotel reinterprets the tradition of hospitality in a refreshingly modern way to create experiences and lifelong memories. Taj also encompasses a unique set of iconic properties rooted history and tradition that deliver truly unforgettable experience. A collection of outstanding properties with strong heritage as hotels or palaces which offer something more than great physical product and except cal service. This group is defined by the emotional and unique equity of its iconic properties that are authentic, non-replicable with great potential to crate memories and stories. Taj Exotica is their resort and spa brand found in the most exotic and relaxing locales of the world. The properties are defined by the privacy and intimacy they provide. The hotels are clearly differentiated by their product philosophy and service design. They are centred on high and accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allow its guest unrivalled comfort and privacy. They are defined by a sensibility of intimate design and by their varied and electric culinary experiences, impeccable service and authentic Indian spa sanctuaries. Taj Safaris are wildlife lodges that allow travellers to experiences the unparallel beauty of the Indian jungle amidst luxurious surrounding. They offer Indias first and only wildlife luxury lodge circuit .Taj safaris provide sustainable ecotourism model. Premium Hotels (premium full-service hotels and resorts) provide a new generation of travellers a contemporary and creative hospitality experience that matches their work-hard play-hard lifestyles. Stylish interiors, innovative cuisine, hip bars and a focus on technology set these properties apart. The Gateway Hotel (upscale/mid-market service hotels and resorts) is a pan India network of hotel s and resorts that offers business and leisure travels a hotel designed, keeping the modern nomad in mind. At the Gateway hotel people believe in keeping things simple. This is why Taj hotels are divided into 7 simple zones stay, hangout, meet, work, unwind and explore. Ginger (Economy Hotels) is their revolutionary concept in hospitality for the value segment. Intelligently designed facilities, consistency and affordable are hallmarks of this brand targeted at travellers who value simplicity and self service. Client profile Taj hotels have a client profile consultation service provided wherein they diagnose the clientele needs and with that information they try and provide the required facilities to their customers. Generally Taj concentrates on the upper class of the society who can spend lavishly on the luxury provided. Vision The Taj group hotels commit itself to the overall improvement of the ecological environment, which all the people are a part of. We recognize that we are not owners but caretakers of the planet and owe it to our children and future generations of humankind. It is our endeavour not only to conserve and protect but also to renew and regenerate the environment in which we live and operate. Our commitment encompasses all actions related to our products, services, associates, partners, vendors and communities. We will partner and engage with our environment through EARTH: ENVIRONMENT AWARENESS AND RENEWAL AT TAJ HOTELS. For us earth is not a program, nor a process, it is a way of life. Mission Embrace talent and harness expertise to leverage standards of excellence in the art of hospitality to grow our International presence. Increase domestic dominance and create value for all stakeholders. Earth In an endeavour to reinstate its vision and efforts to boost sustainable tourism and integrate environment management in all business areas Taj hotels and resorts and palaces presents EARTH (ENVIRONMENT AWARENESS AND RENEWAL AT TAJ HOTELS) a project which presents and indicates the conscious effort of one of Asias largest and finest group of hotels to commit to energy conservation and environment management. EARTH has received certification from green globe the only worldwide environmental certification program for travel and tourism. Taj values PEOPLE DIVERSITY, INTEGRITY AND RESPECT PASSION FOE EXCELLENCE EXCEED EXPECTATIONS INNOVATIONS SENSE OF URGENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY JOY AT WORK Taj promises At the Taj group their commitment is to service excellence is rooted in our two guiding principles. One of Taj key priorities is to empower the people to deliver on their legacy of impeccable service3. Four steps of service are:- A warm and sincere welcome. Use the guest name, whenever possible. Fulfil guests need and provide anticipatory service. Defect free products and services. Fond farewell using the guest name, whenever possible. The following philosophy is a summary of our beliefs and values towards our employees. Introduction to Taj Palace, New Delhi Taj palace one of the most popular 5 star hotels to stay in Delhi it provides one of the best and marvellous international facilities and world class services to the guests. It has 461 rooms which attracts a majority of big shots of the state and government officials. Top business tycoons love to stay in the hotel during their business trips. The hotel is located is Sardar Patel Marg, Diplomatic Enclave near to Dhaula Kuan area. The national and international airport is just a 10 mins drive from the hotel. The hotel has 12 banquet halls with world class facilities for all kind of functions like meetings, seminars, weddings and casual parties. The capacity of the hall is around 700-1000 guests. The hotel provides all kind of recreational activities for its guests. The hotel look is all n different in the area. It is a perfect embodiment of all the qualities associated with Taj hotels, Resorts and Palaces. The luxurious and fabulous rooms are mainly divided into 7 categories superior rooms, deluxe rooms, Taj Club rooms, Executive suite, Grand Luxury Suite and Grand Presidential suite. The Grand Presidential suite is one of the rooms in the city in comparison to its competition hotels. The rooms have different views available as per the guest continence like garden view, pool view and city view. The hotel serves fantastic food in its 4 different restaurant specially the award winning Oriental express which provides excellent luxury and services to its guests and itself is one of the best restaurants in the city to dine in. Competitors of Taj Palace, New Delhi Though Taj Palace is well reputed hotel it faces tough competition. As the hotel is situated in Delhi which is the Metro city and the capital, there are many other five star properties of Taj and other brands, these hotels provide tough competition because they provide the same services in comparison with the hotel as they have market share with them. The Hotels providing immense competition are: ITC Maurya Sheraton, New Delhi: it is a 440 room property and it the main competition to the hotel as it is the nearest situated hotel. It is a Welcomgroup property and it provides world class facilitates to its guest. It is one of the most popular hotel for dinning in the city because of its world famous restaurant BUKHARA which specialise in North West frontier cuisine. The hotel truly creates magic on the hearts and the minds of the travellers with its luxury accommodation and its state-of-the-art facilities and warm hospitality. Hotel Hyatt Regency, New Delhi: located in the area of Bikaji Cama Place in South Delhi, this 520 room property provides state-of-the-art services to its customers and is one of the well reputed hotels in the area. This particular hotel provides a very tough competition to its competitors. The hotel provides all types of rooms from the poolside facing to executive rooms to The Presidential Suite. The interior of the hotel is bed-lighted with selective traditional art work, elegant furnishing, artful antiquities blended with some fabulous service provided by the well trained staff. Le Meridien, New Delhi: Situated in the Raisina Road, with its proximity to the shopping, commercial and cultural center act as a potent factor for this particular hotel. This Hotel a part of a very well reputed brand Le Meridien group of Hotels, is one of the most popular hotels present in the city. This 355 room property provide all types of rooms to its travellers from Deluxe to the presidential suites with all types of facilities ranging from in-room safe to high speed internet access in its rooms. Its Food and Beverage outlets providing different cuisines such as the Golden Pheonix (Chinese cuisine), Pakwan (North Western Frontier Cuisine), the Pierre (French Cuisine), Henris bar and Aloha bar gives this hotel and extra edge and gives a tough competition to the taj palace. The Oberoi Hotel, New Delhi.-The hotel reflects a nice blend of tradition and contemporary sophistication. The hotel is situated near to the city center, business, commercial and shopping districts. The hotel has a prestigious golf course on one side and on the other side it has a Humayuns tomb. Placed in the Dr. Zakir Hussein Marg, New Delhi, it is roughly 20 mins. Away from the airport. It has been awarded as the Best Hotel in Delhi and Among the Top 100 Hotels in the world by the Institutional Investor, 2009 the worlds best Hotels. This hotel has also being awarded with a number of other awards also such as The best hotel in Delhi by TTG Travel Awards, 2009 and Amongst best hotels and Resorts in the World by Forbes Traveller 400- the worlds best hotels and resorts 2009. This 350 room property provides all kinds of world class services to its travellers and hence is the biggest threats to the taj. Shangri-la-Eros Hotel, New Delhi: It is most centrally located hotel in the city. The hotel is situated in Connaught place which is like the lifeline of Delhi as the Business, Commercial and Shopping District definitely makes it one of the preferred hotels for the guest to stay into. It is 17 floor hotel which has 350 luxurious rooms which target both business and leisure travellers and is definitely popular 5 star property in the city. It is a very famous food and beverage out known as cafà © uno along with other outlets is famous among the guest who comes to the city. Taj Mahal Hotel, New Delhi: It is one of the distinguished properties in the capital city. It is the sister hotel of Taj Palace. The hotel is located in the lutyens residential place in Delhi. It is a landmark by itself. . Although it is located a bit far away from the airport approximately 40 mins., but is near to the bustling city center, Connaught Place, Pragati Maidan, Government Offices and Diplomatic Missions. This 294 room property also has been awarded as the 5 star diamond award by American Academy of Hospitality Radisson Hotel, New Delhi: This 5 star property in the National Capital Region, located less than 5 km from the Domestic and International airport of Delhi and the near to the business hub of Gurgaon, The Radisson Hotel is truly one of the easiest ways in which one can make its trip to Delhi a memorable one. The Radisson Hotel simply oozes luxury and promises its guest a stay with an experience of a lifetime. This 29 room property also gets an edge with its five Food and Beverage services; specially one of the famous Restaurants in Delhi i.e. The Kabab Factory truly gives an edge to this property. About The Capital City Delhi is capital city of India and is the largest metropolis by area and second largest by population. It also stands 8th in the world largest metropolis with more than 12.25 million inhabitant in the territory and over 15.9 million residents in the NCR (national Capital region) which includes Noida, Faridabad, Gurgaon and Ghaziabad. It is a modern city which has a history all around it. A tour of Delhi provides the visitors with much to see and admire ranging from the Mughal monuments to Modern Malls, from Traditional arts and crafts to trendy fashion shows. Delhi is a city which combines the historic and the modern in a unique way. Delhi was the second most visited place after Andhra Pradesh with increase in foreign tourist to 2.3 million in the year 2008 as compared to 2.01 million in the year 2007 and 1.9 million in 2006.It became the capital of India in the year 1911, after the British East India Company gained control of India during the 18th and 19th century and George V. the head of the East India Company decided to move back to Delhi and it announced it as the capital city of India. It was when the India gained independence from the British Rule, New Delhi was declared as its capital and seat of the government. New Delhi houses important offices of the federal Govt. including the parliament of India. With the estimated net State Domestic Product of the Fiscal Year of 2007 of Rs.1.82 billion (US$24.5 Billion) in nominal terms and Rs. 3,364 billion (US$69.8 billion), Delhi is the largest commercial center in Northern India. Delhi had a per capita income of Rs. 66,728 (US$1,450) in 2007 at current prices; it is the third highest in India after Chandigarh and Goa. Delhi has the largest and one of the fastest growing retail industries in India, because of which land prices are booming and it is currently ranked at 7th most expensive office hotspot in the world with prices at $145.16 per square foot. Along with its contribution in the economy, Delhi plays a significant role in being one of the hot tourist destinations in India because of numerous historical monuments present in the city. This can be seen with the example of many monuments of significance found in the city. With the Archaeological survey of India recognizes 1200 heritage buildings and 175 monuments in Delhi as national heritage sites. With the presence of the three worlds heritage sites i.e. The Red Fort, Qutub Minar and Humayuns Tomb along with the architectural marvels like the Jama Masjid which is Indias Largest Mosque and India Gate gives as extra edge of attraction for the tourist in Delhi. S.W.O.T. analysis of Taj Palace, New Delhi SWOT analysis is divided into 4 parts Strength Weakness Opportunity Threats Strengths It has the largest convention center which can handle 700 personals at a single point of time. The Orient express restaurant, one of the popular restaurants in the city, adds as an promoter to the hotel and helps in generating extra revenue. The hotel is located in one of the prime locations and is very near to the airport which is a 10 min drive. As it is centrally located so it has a well connectivity with the city. Hence, easy access to travellers. The rooms are divided into many types and also give the guests of option of different views as per guest connivance like pool view, garden view and city view. For a pick up and drop facility the guest has an option of one of most luxurious car that is JAGUAR. The 12 banquet halls can accommodate different types of function at the same time and which generates good revenue for the hotel. Its spacious rooms give a full luxury experience with some extra luxurious options as per convenience of the guest. It has the largest convention center which can handle 700 personals at a single point of time. The Orient express restaurant, one of the popular restaurants in the city, adds as an promoter to the hotel and helps in generating extra revenue. Weakness The lighting in the lobby gives it a very dull look which creates a dull atmosphere in the lobby and for the guest who enters the hotel for the first time. The parking area in the hotel is very less which generates problem during high occupancy and banquet functions. Staffing of the not adequate which again is a problem during high occupancy. It is located in an area in Sardar Patel Marg, which faces a massive problem of traffic jams which does keeps the traveller waiting on roads and hence, leads to reducing the curiosity of the traveller for visiting the hotel. Less aggressive promotional activities taken place by the hotel in order to promote their product which in turn looses out its customers. In comparison to its competitors the food and beverage outlets are very costly which again a drawback for the hotel. The Oriental Express restaurant mostly invites the guests to the restaurant instead of allowing the walk-ins. Opportunities To promote and generate more revenue the hotel should be more aggressive in the promotion of the hotel. To promote the hotel some activities like food fest and exhibition can be held to promote the hotel. The hotel should promote its food and beverage outlets to give stiff competition to its competitors for e.g. the oriental express which is a very famous restaurant should be promoted to give a good competition to ITC Maurya Sheratons Bukhara and generate more revenue. Different schemes related to room tariff should be made and be promoted so the occupancy be increased and generates more revenue. Contractual staff can be increased in order to provide efficient service to its guests during peak seasons. The parking area should be improved so that it gives convenience to guests which are a problem in the food and beverage outlets. Walk in guests should be allowed in the main restaurants like Oriental express so that it helps in increasing the revenue of the hotel. Threats There is a very tough competition of well known 5 stars in the city along with the upcoming hotels not only in the city but also in the NCR area are a big threat to the Taj Palace. The hotel should be more aggressive in promoting the hotel in the area of food and beverage and the aim should be eating up the market of is competition hotels. The food and beverage staff is not adequate which leads to customer dissatisfaction and leads to less revenue. There should be a specialized restaurant in the hotel as it is the latest trend in the hotel industry like its competition hotels has such as the Bukhara by the ITC Maurya Sheraton Dakshin by Sheraton, New Delhi Hotel aims at eating up the market demand of the Taj Palace hotel, which indirectly reduces the revenue of the hotel. Next door property by the ITC Welcomgroup i.e. ITC Maurya Sheraton aims at eating up the market share of Taj Palace. New Delhi Marketing strategies taken by Taj Palace, New Delhi The market strategies are mainly divided into 3 parts mainly Segmentation Targeting Positioning Market Segmentation Different marketing strategies are being used to promote the hotel and generate the max revenue where market consists of buyers, the buyers always by many reasons like needs, wants, locations, buying attitude and buying practices. For eg the needs and wants of the customers of a hotel in Goa will be different from the needs and wants of a guest in Cochin. The Taj Palace is a luxury hotel by categorization, if the geographical segmentation is taken then the hotel mainly aims to target all the leisure guests who visit the city as the hotel is near to the airport is also tries to cater all the business clientele who comes on business trips in the city and it also try to take in the function of these guests like business meetings, seminars and conferences. Taking the local crowed into consideration Taj Palace, New Delhi hotel tries to attract guest by providing them also with facilities of 12 banquet halls which can be used simultaneously and with 4 different types of Food and Beverage Outlets. It mainly aims at capturing the customers with upper and upper-middle classes i.e. mainly tourist or businessmen. Targeting The main target market has been set up by Taj Palace; it mainly aims at leisure and business clientele. As the hotel is situated the capital city the so the tourist who mainly visits the city are business and leisure. The leisure clientele will visit the city because of its history and historic monuments in the city which is a major attraction among the tourist. There are significant offers and packages provided by the hotel to attract the customers. They are mainly seasonal packages. They also try attracting the local by its four restaurants and twelve banquet halls which can cater 700 guests. It also aims at meeting the standards of the company with the fact of satisfying its customers and generating maximum amount of revenue. Over the years Taj Palace Hotel, New Delhi has been able to meet the objectives by generating maximum revenue by maximum guest satisfaction. Positioning Taj as a brand name in India which is something which is being accepted by the people of India as something with which they can associate themselves. It gives them a feeling of warmth and harmony to associate and a sense of pride in using the services of this brand. Taj Palace Hotel, New Delhi takes this as the opportunity to attract the travellers and guest to its hotel. This helps in attracting the local crowed as well as the domestic travellers towards the product they offer. With the name Taj which is associated with this hotel it helps the hotel in taking up the advantage to attract the foreign travellers who intend to stay in India and it is one of the branded hotels i.e. Taj Palace with which they associate India with, especially when it comes down to staying in Delhi. Delhi being the Capital of India and palace as a word associated with the brand name Taj creates a psychological effect in the minds of the customers and hence it helps in increasing the revenue for the hotel. Along with its rooms and extra facilities provided by the hotel, the Food and Beverage outlets such as the Oriental Express provided by the hotel have been welcomed by the locals as well as travellers. This helps in creating a well planned and a good promotional tool in creating the psychological effect in the minds of the customers and helps in create repeat customers and hence generating revenue. Critique by the author on the Marketing Strategies The position of the hotel is that it is well accepted by the local crowd and the visiting guests. The hotel is also well settled because it is now operating for many years and it is clear about its target market. The Taj Palace is one of the land mark hotels in the city and has been publicized at a very good rate and has been able to capture the market since a long time. The current scenario in the hospitality industry in the capital has completely changed, from the time the hotel was setup. Now there are a lot more 5 stars in the city which has given a stiff competition to Taj Palace and these hotels are eating up the market share of the hotel. If we compare the promotional strategies of Taj Palace with its competition it is clear that its competition is much ahead than Taj Palace. Activities like food festivals or using media as the source of promotion is very less. Even the sister hotel Taj Mahal is much ahead than Taj Palace. Significant difference in the market positioning of the hotel has been seen over the years

Basics of Quantum Computing Essay -- Physics Computers Science

Fundamental Differences of Quantum Computers In the standard architecture of computer storage, values are arranged as a series of bits, each of which is either true or false(0 or 1). This fundamental restriction of two states is the most basic difference when working with quantum states. Rather than allowing just the two singles states, a superposition of the two states is also possible, forming a state that is neither 0 nor 1, but something in between with a probability of either state. Further, in the standard organization, it is possible to attach various bits together to force correlations between their values. This is also possible within the superposition of the states represented in a quantum bit. (Qubit) The correlation between these superpositions in the two qubits is referred to as Entanglement. With proper tying it is possible to evaluate the qubit as both one and zero at the same time, and do so across the entirety of the set of qubits at the same time, allowing for massively parallel evaluations of all possible sequences at the same time. Of course in the end there can only be a single full set for the stable state, but information can be gathered from each of the possibilities by its influence upon the whole system during each step of the evaluation. History of Quantum Computers Initially the famous physicist Robert Feynman breached the subject of using quantum effects for computation in 1982, though his primary interest was in using the effects of one quantum effect to simulate another. Three years later in 1985 David Deutsch of the University of Oxford published a paper detailing the workings of a universal quantum computer, detailing the functionality of the theoretical process, but not... ...e technological barrier has not progressed so far as to allow convenient usage. At every stage of production the quantum computer has a great deal of work that needs to be done, and each step must be painstakingly analyzed and protected from the harsh environment that surrounds the extremely delicate system. Even once such systems can be produced for small experiments to confirm the effects we seek, it will be quite some time before the production techniques and applications are so well refined as to allow for mass production or even a working prototype. More importantly, there does not seem to be any choice but to move to these systems. As our computers become more and more compact, the effects of quantum events are going to make themselves first known and then become overwhelming. The solutions appear to be evolution or stagnation.

Reducing The Number Of People Living In Absolute Poverty

Absolute poverty measures the number of people living below a certain income threshold or the number of households unable to afford certain basic goods and services. Much of the poverty in developing countries, such as South Africa, tends to be absolute poverty. Economic growth can be defined as steady growth in the productive capacity of the economy.Short term growth is measured by the annual percentage change in real national output, which is affected by shifts in short run aggregate supply curve (SRAS), whilst long term growth is shown by the increased in potential growth can is illustrated by an outward shift in a country's long run aggregate supply curve (LRAS). Whilst a rise in real GDP can lift millions of people out of absolute poverty, a reduction in the number of people living in absolute poverty can help to achieve economic development. In order to reduce the number of people living in absolute poverty, they would have to get jobs in order to gain a living.This means that people would have more disposable income, thus increasing consumption which is a factor of aggregate demand and would therefore shift the aggregate demand curve to the right, causing economic development. This would also mean that the government would also have more money which can be used to invest in education and training or other forms of spending. A lack of education and training is what keeps people in absolute poverty as it prevents them from getting jobs and moving up, however, if education and training were to increase, more people would be getting jobs, thus increasing real GDP whilst resulting in economic growth.Furthermore, government spending is also a component of the aggregate demand formula and therefore an increase in that would result in an increase in aggregate demand, thus causing an outward shift in the SRAS whig would eventually result in economic development. Gold and diamond are the major exports from South Africa although agricultural products are also expor ted. If the government were to spend their money on training in mining, those who were living in absolute poverty could get jobs as miners and not only wouldthis increase the real GDP of South Africa, but it would also increase exports which is another component on aggregate demand, thus again resulting in economic development. South Africa has debts similar to many other developing countries which are burdened with international debt which they cannot afford to pay and which acts as a constraint to economic development. However, if there was a reduction in the number of people living in absolute poverty in South Africa, the government would have more money to repay their debts.Poor infrastructure make it difficult for a country to attract foreign and domestic investment thus providing a constraint on long term growth potential. The government could also invest the money which would have originally gone towards those in absolute poverty in infrastructure and healthcare. Better healt hcare would mean that South Africa would have a more reliable workforce and an improvement in infrastructure would mean that workers would be getting to work on time and it would be easier to travel.These are qualities which attract foreign and domestic investment; this would result in more jobs available, thus increasing employment as well as the real GDP of South Africa. Corruption and poor governance is one of the causes of absolute poverty, however, it is also a significant factor for a constraint on economic growth. High levels of deeply embedded corruption and bureaucratic delays can harm growth in many ways for example inhibiting inward investment and also making it more likely that domestic businesses will invest overseas rather than at home.Governments need a stable and effective legal framework to collect taxes to pay for public services. However, in order to reduce the number of people living in absolute poverty, corruption would have be to decreased, thus resulting in ec onomic development. Many poor countries have governments which are not democratically elected. Countries such as South Africa tend to spend money raised through taxation unwisely leading to government failure and thus find it difficult to attract FDI. However, a correction in corruption and poor governance would mean that South Africa may be able attract FDI, thus increasing the real GDP and resulting ineconomic development. South Africa is a primary-sector economy, which produces gold and agricultural goods and is therefore primarily product dependent. Primary product dependency is a constraint on economic development. The dependency makes South Africa very vulnerable in the event of natural disasters. Furthermore, downward price fluctuations caused by exchange rate movements or variable harvests can have a devastating impact due to the low price elasticity of demand for primary products.Moreover, the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis claims that countries that specialise in primary produ cts, such as South Africa, face declining terms of trade within time. This is because prices of primary products have declined over the long term due to increases in productivity in agriculture and less demand for other commodities. In addition, as the country gets richer over time dmand for secondary and tertiary products increases whilst demand for primary prices rises by only a little due to its low income elasticity of demand.As a result, prices of manufactured goods and services rise relative to prices of primary products. This means that the country which is specialising in primary products experience declining terms of trade as the income they receive from their exports buys fewer imports over time. However, investment in education and training as well as FDI in South Africa would mean that it would not be such a subsistence economy. Many sub-Saharan economies, such as South Africa, are severely affected by droughts followed by flooding, making it difficult to establish any i ndustry and attract any foreign direct investment.However, if there is a decrease in the number of people who need aid and support, the money raised by charities and the money the government originally used to support those in absolute poverty could instead by used fix any damages caused by bad weather conditions which means that not only would the country come across as more appealing to FDI's, it would be easier to go crops, thus increasing exports and therefore leading to economic development as this results in an outward shift in the aggregate demand curve.To conclude, all the factors above depend on the number of people who are no longer in absolute poverty; the less people in absolute poverty in a country, the more economically developed the country is going to be and therefore it depends on the magnitude. Economic development is an increase in living standards which could be measured by an increase in income per capita, life expectancy and access to education and healthcare.D espite it being difficult to say whether a reduction in the number of people in absolute poverty would lead to economic growth because it is unknown whether that means that they would immediately get a job, thus increasing GDP, resulting in economic growth, it is safe to say it would lead to a rise in economic development as their living standards would increase as they are no longer living in absolute poverty and can therefore afford necessities.

Wealth and Money

If you wanted to get rich, how would you do it? I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years. The word â€Å"startup† dates from the 1960s, but what happens in one is very similar to the venture-backed trading voyages of the Middle Ages. Startups usually involve technology, so much so that the phrase â€Å"high-tech startup† is almost redundant. A startup is a small company that takes on a hard technical problem. Lots of people get rich knowing nothing more than that.You don't have to know physics to be a good pitcher. But I think it could give you an edge to understand the underlying principles. Why do startups have to be small? Will a startup inevitably stop being a startup as it grows larger? And why do they so often work on developing new technology? Why are there so many startups selling new drugs or computer software, and none selling corn oil or laundry detergent? The Proposition Economica lly, you can think of a startup as a way to compress your whole working life into a few years.Instead of working at a low intensity for forty years, you work as hard as you possibly can for four. This pays especially well in technology, where you earn a premium for working fast. Here is a brief sketch of the economic proposition. If you're a good hacker in your mid twenties, you can get a job paying about $80,000 per year. So on average such a hacker must be able to do at least $80,000 worth of work per year for the company just to break even. You could probably work twice as many hours as a corporate employee, and if you focus you can probably get three times as much done in an hour. 1] You should get another multiple of two, at least, by eliminating the drag of the pointy-haired middle manager who would be your boss in a big company. Then there is one more multiple: how much smarter are you than your job description expects you to be? Suppose another multiple of three. Combine all these multipliers, and I'm claiming you could be 36 times more productive than you're expected to be in a random corporate job. [2] If a fairly good hacker is worth $80,000 a year at a big company, then a smart hacker working very hard without any corporate bullshit to slow him down should be able to do work worth about $3 million a year.Like all back-of-the-envelope calculations, this one has a lot of wiggle room. I wouldn't try to defend the actual numbers. But I stand by the structure of the calculation. I'm not claiming the multiplier is precisely 36, but it is certainly more than 10, and probably rarely as high as 100. If $3 million a year seems high, remember that we're talking about the limit case: the case where you not only have zero leisure time but indeed work so hard that you endanger your health. Startups are not magic. They don't change the laws of wealth creation. They just represent a point at the far end of the curve.There is a conservation law at work here: if you want to make a million dollars, you have to endure a million dollars' worth of pain. For example, one way to make a million dollars would be to work for the Post Office your whole life, and save every penny of your salary. Imagine the stress of working for the Post Office for fifty years. In a startup you compress all this stress into three or four years. You do tend to get a certain bulk discount if you buy the economy-size pain, but you can't evade the fundamental conservation law. If starting a startup were easy, everyone would do it.Millions, not Billions If $3 million a year seems high to some people, it will seem low to others. Three million? How do I get to be a billionaire, like Bill Gates? So let's get Bill Gates out of the way right now. It's not a good idea to use famous rich people as examples, because the press only write about the very richest, and these tend to be outliers. Bill Gates is a smart, determined, and hardworking man, but you need more than that to make as much money as he has. You also need to be very lucky. There is a large random factor in the success of any company.So the guys you end up reading about in the papers are the ones who are very smart, totally dedicated, and win the lottery. Certainly Bill is smart and dedicated, but Microsoft also happens to have been the beneficiary of one of the most spectacular blunders in the history of business: the licensing deal for DOS. No doubt Bill did everything he could to steer IBM into making that blunder, and he has done an excellent job of exploiting it, but if there had been one person with a brain on IBM's side, Microsoft's future would have been very different.Microsoft at that stage had little leverage over IBM. They were effectively a component supplier. If IBM had required an exclusive license, as they should have, Microsoft would still have signed the deal. It would still have meant a lot of money for them, and IBM could easily have gotten an operating system elsewhere. Instead IBM ended up using all its power in the market to give Microsoft control of the PC standard. From that point, all Microsoft had to do was execute. They never had to bet the company on a bold decision.All they had to do was play hardball with licensees and copy more innovative products reasonably promptly. If IBM hadn't made this mistake, Microsoft would still have been a successful company, but it could not have grown so big so fast. Bill Gates would be rich, but he'd be somewhere near the bottom of the Forbes 400 with the other guys his age. There are a lot of ways to get rich, and this essay is about only one of them. This essay is about how to make money by creating wealth and getting paid for it.There are plenty of other ways to get money, including chance, speculation, marriage, inheritance, theft, extortion, fraud, monopoly, graft, lobbying, counterfeiting, and prospecting. Most of the greatest fortunes have probably involved several of these. The advantage of creating wealth , as a way to get rich, is not just that it's more legitimate (many of the other methods are now illegal) but that it's more straightforward. You just have to do something people want. Money Is Not Wealth If you want to create wealth, it will help to understand what it is.Wealth is not the same thing as money. [3] Wealth is as old as human history. Far older, in fact; ants have wealth. Money is a comparatively recent invention. Wealth is the fundamental thing. Wealth is stuff we want: food, clothes, houses, cars, gadgets, travel to interesting places, and so on. You can have wealth without having money. If you had a magic machine that could on command make you a car or cook you dinner or do your laundry, or do anything else you wanted, you wouldn't need money.Whereas if you were in the middle of Antarctica, where there is nothing to buy, it wouldn't matter how much money you had. Wealth is what you want, not money. But if wealth is the important thing, why does everyone talk about m aking money? It is a kind of shorthand: money is a way of moving wealth, and in practice they are usually interchangeable. But they are not the same thing, and unless you plan to get rich by counterfeiting, talking about making money can make it harder to understand how to make money. Money is a side effect of specialization.In a specialized society, most of the things you need, you can't make for yourself. If you want a potato or a pencil or a place to live, you have to get it from someone else. How do you get the person who grows the potatoes to give you some? By giving him something he wants in return. But you can't get very far by trading things directly with the people who need them. If you make violins, and none of the local farmers wants one, how will you eat? The solution societies find, as they get more specialized, is to make the trade into a two-step process.Instead of trading violins directly for potatoes, you trade violins for, say, silver, which you can then trade agai n for anything else you need. The intermediate stuff– the medium of exchange– can be anything that's rare and portable. Historically metals have been the most common, but recently we've been using a medium of exchange, called the dollar, that doesn't physically exist. It works as a medium of exchange, however, because its rarity is guaranteed by the U. S. Government. The advantage of a medium of exchange is that it makes trade work.The disadvantage is that it tends to obscure what trade really means. People think that what a business does is make money. But money is just the intermediate stage– just a shorthand– for whatever people want. What most businesses really do is make wealth. They do something people want. [4] The Pie Fallacy A surprising number of people retain from childhood the idea that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world. There is, in any normal family, a fixed amount of money at any moment. But that's not the same thing.When wealt h is talked about in this context, it is often described as a pie. â€Å"You can't make the pie larger,† say politicians. When you're talking about the amount of money in one family's bank account, or the amount available to a government from one year's tax revenue, this is true. If one person gets more, someone else has to get less. I can remember believing, as a child, that if a few rich people had all the money, it left less for everyone else. Many people seem to continue to believe something like this well into adulthood.This fallacy is usually there in the background when you hear someone talking about how x percent of the population have y percent of the wealth. If you plan to start a startup, then whether you realize it or not, you're planning to disprove the Pie Fallacy. What leads people astray here is the abstraction of money. Money is not wealth. It's just something we use to move wealth around. So although there may be, in certain specific moments (like your famil y, this month) a fixed amount of money available to trade with other people for things you want, there is not a fixed amount of wealth in the world.You can make more wealth. Wealth has been getting created and destroyed (but on balance, created) for all of human history. Suppose you own a beat-up old car. Instead of sitting on your butt next summer, you could spend the time restoring your car to pristine condition. In doing so you create wealth. The world is– and you specifically are– one pristine old car the richer. And not just in some metaphorical way. If you sell your car, you'll get more for it. In restoring your old car you have made yourself richer. You haven't made anyone else poorer.So there is obviously not a fixed pie. And in fact, when you look at it this way, you wonder why anyone would think there was. [5] Kids know, without knowing they know, that they can create wealth. If you need to give someone a present and don't have any money, you make one. But ki ds are so bad at making things that they consider home-made presents to be a distinct, inferior, sort of thing to store-bought ones– a mere expression of the proverbial thought that counts. And indeed, the lumpy ashtrays we made for our parents did not have much of a resale market.

Free Essays on Educational Philosophy

, and then obviously thought it was important enough to pass along. Every bit of knowledge that gets passed on has the bit of influence from the person who passed it. Thus we get to the evolutionary stage we are at today. We would never be here if it weren’t for teachers and students learning and passing along their knowledge. My beliefs about students: â€Å"There are no bad students only bad teachers.† (unknown) I love this quote. It really only applies through elementary school, and perhaps middle school, but it is part of the reason I want to teach. In the formative years, a good majority of students really do not like the school aspect of school. It makes the teachers job all the more difficult, but also all the more rewarding! It is so important to â€Å"sell† the subject. Make learning fun, and children want to participate in it, so it will hopefully stick with them forever. At the same time â€Å"everyone is different in their predispositions to learn and grow.† (Parkay and Stanford 2002, 86) My beliefs about knowledge: I would use the â€Å"knowledge is power† quote, but I bet half the class is going to, so I won’t expand to much on it, it is a given. I will however expand on the idea that knowledge does no one any good, if only one person has it. Knowledge must be shared. It is such a wonderful thing, and really the only thing that keeps a society moving forward. A perfect example of this and really touching story is that of Oral Lee Brown. In 1987, this California native decided to extend an offer to a... Free Essays on Educational Philosophy Free Essays on Educational Philosophy My Educational Philosophy My beliefs about learning and teaching: Teaching is learning is teaching. Education is definitely a cycle. In almost every situation I can think of, you are either teacher or learning or a bit of both. The cyclic part comes into play, when you pass on the knowledge you at one point were taught. It marinated in your head for however long, you put it into your own words, and then obviously thought it was important enough to pass along. Every bit of knowledge that gets passed on has the bit of influence from the person who passed it. Thus we get to the evolutionary stage we are at today. We would never be here if it weren’t for teachers and students learning and passing along their knowledge. My beliefs about students: â€Å"There are no bad students only bad teachers.† (unknown) I love this quote. It really only applies through elementary school, and perhaps middle school, but it is part of the reason I want to teach. In the formative years, a good majority of students really do not like the school aspect of school. It makes the teachers job all the more difficult, but also all the more rewarding! It is so important to â€Å"sell† the subject. Make learning fun, and children want to participate in it, so it will hopefully stick with them forever. At the same time â€Å"everyone is different in their predispositions to learn and grow.† (Parkay and Stanford 2002, 86) My beliefs about knowledge: I would use the â€Å"knowledge is power† quote, but I bet half the class is going to, so I won’t expand to much on it, it is a given. I will however expand on the idea that knowledge does no one any good, if only one person has it. Knowledge must be shared. It is such a wonderful thing, and really the only thing that keeps a society moving forward. A perfect example of this and really touching story is that of Oral Lee Brown. In 1987, this California native decided to extend an offer to a... Free Essays on Educational Philosophy The five educational philosophies; idealism, realism, pragmatism, reconstructionism, and existentialism all share similarities and differences. Each philosophy gives us a different insight on how we should educate students. They have different teaching methods and different curriculum. Each philosophy has its pros and cons and from our class exercise, we can see that different philosophies apply to different people. To me, realism makes the most sense and because of that, it will be the basis of my assignment. The main educational philosophies of our time were created by Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates saw teaching as a cooperative art. The teacher was not to lecture and teach the student as they do now; instead. the teacher was to merely assist the student in his creation of knowledge and ideas. This is done by having discussions with the student in which both the student and teacher learn. The student is to always learn actively and their understanding is to come from their gaining of insight. Plato, on the other hand believed that knowledge was simply the recalling of things we knew before birth. In other words, we do not need to experience things in order to learn them. They come to us naturally just as our sense or right or wrong does. Plato believed that knowledge gained by rational thought was better than knowledge gained by the sense because our senses could sometimes deceive us. The highest form of this knowledge, according to Plato, was that of â€Å"the Good† which is the source is all other knowledge. Aristotle, like myself, was a realist. He believed in gaining knowledge by the use of the senses. He disagreed with Plato’s belief that human beings were born with innate knowledge. Instead, they must use their senses to understand the things around them. Realism is predominantly based on gaining knowledge through fact-gathering, observing, measuring, skills development, accountability, and experimenta...

buy custom Employee Handbook essay

buy custom Employee Handbook essay It is becoming increasingly important for organizations to have an employee handbook. Not only it addresses the general rules and guidelines which are applicable to all the employees present in the organization, it is actually helps the employees against law suits and gives them legal protection. The presence of a handbook is a benefit for the employer as well as the employee (HRSentry, 2010) An employee handbook outlines the policies, procedures and general guidelines of an organization. For any relationship, effective communication plays an important role. In case of the employee and employer relationship, this handbook acts as a mode of communication outlining the expectations of the employer and his guidelines which he wants to be followed. In order to make this relationship work, the employee has to follow these guidelines and rules and act according to the policies mentioned in this handbook. It gives an opportunity to both the employer and employee. The employee has an opportunity to know his organization and employer in a better way and the employer are able to develop a connection between himself and his employee. An employee handbook however, does not lay down the policies and standard operating procedures, rather gives a general outline or a general philosophy behind the current policies and standards. It also answers several questions which en employee might h ave for example: To whom should I report a problem? What if I have a conflict with someone? Whom should I report to? What is the attendance policy? What is a work week? These are general questions which employees might have but would not know whom to go to. Therefore, a handbook solves this problem by giving the employees a way of communicating with their employers (Morrissey, 2010). The detail present in an employee handbook is dependent on the complexity of the organization and what it wants to include in its handbook. The mission, size and location of the organization might also affect the contents of the handbook. However, as mentioned above that the employer should consider it as an opportunity to present his organization in a positive light and communicate with the employees, the employers tend to present many things which might be beneficial for the employees in the future. Organizations include statements for anti discrimination policies, equal employment policies and harassment policies. The explanations of these policies and whom to report to in such an instant are given. More complex organizations might also include family and medical leave acts or statutes concerning health insurance. Below are a few important things which an employee handbook might cover: Absences Military Service Attendance Payroll Attire Requirements Performance Review Breaks Personal Time Off Communication Policy Probationary Period Confidentiality Resignation Continuation Of Medical Benefits p>Retirement Plans Dismissal Safety And Accident Rules Dress Code Salary Paid Employees Drugs And Alcohol Separation From Employment Employment Classification Sexual Harassment Equal Opportunity Sick Leave Exit Interview Smoking Family Medical Leave Act Substance Abuse Health And Life Insurance Termination Holidays Time Off Hourly Paid Employees/Overtime Use Of Company Computers Immigration Law Compliance Use Of Company Property Jury Duty Workman's Compensation Layoff And Recall Vacations Lunch Periods Maternity Leave and more. An employee handbook is actually aimed to protect the employees from any kind of pitfall of mishap. Any promises made in the employee handbook re to be followed by the employer. If the employer is unable to provide a handbook, the employees might not know the general guidelines or behavior he should exhibit in the workplace. For example; In Arizona an employee had a law suit against the employer. This law suit was placed due to severance by the employer. However, the employee did not read the handbook and therefore was unaware of many general guidelines which the employer wanted all the employees to follow. One of such rule was the prohibition of using companys computers for personal mails. Moreover the handbook also stated that the employer at any time might access the computer and has the complete right to see any information present on the computer as this computer is for business use and not for personal use. The employee was constantly communicating with his lawyer about the law suit via the computer present in his office without any knowledge about this prohibition against persona use of computers. The employer who accessed the computer found out what the employee was up to and therefore the employee then had to drop his lawsuit, as he was himself doing something wrong. Had the employee read the employee handbook and had known that it was unlawful to use companys computers for personal use; he could have mailed his lawyer form elsewhere and therefore would have been able to get justice. However as he was doing something wrong himself, he was not able to do anything about the employer (DiLorenzo, 2010) The above example reflects the importance of the presence of an employee handbook but most importantly the importance of reading and understanding this handbook. Many employees think that the handbook is actually made to help the organization avoid lawsuits if it does anything wrong. The employer can merely fir anyone without any reason and would not be sued as it was in his policy. However this is not so, the employee handbook is actually for the bennefit of the employee more than the benefit of the employer. A employer has to follow various state and government rules and regulations before printing any rules of his own. The employer cannot say that he does not hire black people because that would be discriminatory and hence against eh anti-discrimination laws of the government. Therefore, the employer actually ahs to follow many guidelines of the government before putting any policies and making any generalized rules for his employees. The employee on the other hand has full benefi t of this handbook. For example; if an employer does not give a paid funeral leave, however it has been mentioned in his handbook that a funeral is something which is difficult for an employee to miss therefore the organization will give full paid funeral leave, this employee can then sue the company. However, this is only possible if the employee has read the employee handbook clearly because there are certain things which might affect this rule. For example; a funeral leave is only available if the relative is a close one, for a very distant relatives funeral the employee might get a leave however might not get full pay. SO there are various complications too and it is only after reading an employee handbook that employee will be able to understand the general rules, guidelines presented by the organization. The employee can also place a lawsuit if the employer is unable to follow his own policies presented in the employee handbook. In one case according to Farell (2008), an employer had a very descriptive and effective handbook; however when an employee filed a sexual harassment complaint against another employee, the manager was not able to conduct a proper investigation. The employer did not know about this as he himself did not investigate whether proper steps had been taken to ensure that the employee was satisfied and correct action has been taken. The employee then took the employer to court, where the judge considered it as an indifferent attitude and ordered employer to pay a hefty amount to the employee as a compensation for what he went through in his organization. Hence it can be seen that when if the handbook is present, it is essential for both the parties to read and make sure that they understand every aspect of the policies and guidelines presented in the handbook. As per the United States equal employment opportunity commission in 2005 various companies had to pay a sum of almost $378 million in order to compensate for various lawsuits which the employees placed against their employers. According to EEOC in 2007 it had received a total of 87,792 complaints from employees against their employers (David, 2008) On the other hand, an employee handbook also saves an employee from lawsuits which he might be subjected to. If an employee has read the employee handbook properly, he will know his rights and will know whatever he is doing in the organization is right. He will act as per the guidelines and neither the employer nor any customer can sue him for doing anything wrong. There has been much increase in the number of lawsuits filed against employers and employees both, due to this miscommunication between both parties. Moreover, negligence, indifference and merely skimming through the report affect the understanding of organizational policies. Buy custom Employee Handbook essay

Free sample - Euthanasia. translation missing

Euthanasia. EuthanasiaEuthanasia is the intentional termination of life of a very sick person's life in order to relieve them of their suffering. This is usually in cases where the person has an incurable condition. There are other instances where some people want their life to be ended. In many cases, it is carried out at the person's request but there are times when they may be too ill and the decision is made by relatives, medics or, in some instances, the courts. Euthanasia is classified in three different ways. These include voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary. Voluntary euthanasia is also termed as assisted suicide and refers to a situation whereby a patient brings about his or her own death with the assistance of a physician. In this case, the patient consents to his or her life being terminated. Those who believe in voluntary euthanasia argue that if an individual has a tormenting illness, he may have intolerable pain that may be a burden to his life. Terminal illness also makes one to be too dependent on others especially the close relatives and friends. It is argued that a patient who has been on a life support machine for long may have voluntary wish to die. However he may not be able to commit suicide without assistance, and therefore voluntary euthanasia may be applied if the patient had expressed such a wish. Non-voluntary euthanasia is conducted where the consent of the patient is unavailable. This is implemented when a person is not in a position to decide or have his wishes known. It mostly occurs in cases where the person is in a coma, the individual is too young, senile, or has severe brain damage. If an individual is disturbed mentally to such an extent, then they should be assisted through non- voluntary euthanasia (Kaveny Murphy, 1997). Involuntary euthanasia is conducted against the willpower of the sick person. In this case a patient's life is ended without the patient's knowledge and consent. Often, the patient may be unconscious or extremely sick to depict what is going on. Voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary euthanasia can further be categorized into passive or active variants. Passive euthanasia may involve the withdrawal of basic treatments such as the administration of antibiotics that are necessary for life continuity. For active euthanasia, poisonous substances that are lethal may be used to terminate individual’s life and hence making this the most controversial means. There are arguments about whether euthanasia is a moral issue or not. These arguments are brought out in the arguments against euthanasia which puts through the issues that life is sacred, the act devalues life, it is against the will of God, the act is against the best interests of the person, it can be abused due to pressure from other interested parties, improved palliative care can be a solution to the suffering of the patient, if unregulated doctors may use it as a loophole not to be committed in their noble duty to care for patients. Arguments against euthanasia have been supported by current practical arguments which states that:  · Proper application of painkilling measures may render euthanasia useless.  · There's no way of properly regulating euthanasia  · Allowing euthanasia will lead to less good care for the terminally ill  · Allowing euthanasia undermines the commitment of doctors and nurses to saving lives  · Euthanasia may become a cost-effective way to treat the terminally ill  · Allowing euthanasia will discourage the search for new cures and treatments for the terminally ill  · Euthanasia undermines the motivation to provide good care for the dying, and good pain relief  · Euthanasia gives too much power to doctors  · Euthanasia exposes vulnerable people to pressure to end their lives  · Moral pressure on elderly relatives by selfish families  · Moral pressure to free up medical resources   Patients who are abandoned by their families may feel euthanasia is the only solution (Kaveny Murphy, 1997). There are also ethical arguments about euthanasia. some of the ethical arguments states that euthanasia weakens society's respect for the sanctity of life, accepting euthanasia accepts that some lives (those of the disabled or sick) are worth less than others, voluntary euthanasia is the start of a slippery slope that leads to involuntary euthanasia and the killing of people who are thought as undesirable, euthanasia might not be in a person's best interests, euthanasia affects other people's rights, not just those of the patient (Moreno, 1995). On the contrary arguments for and against euthanasia seem to be superseded by the principle of double effect. The principle of double effect; also commonly referred to as double-effect reasoning, involves ethical criteria for analyzing the permissibility of acting on behalf of the patient. For instance, terminating a patient’s pain will lead to an effect of death, which should be avoided under normal circumstances. However, for this principle to hold there are certain things which must be in place. The criteria mention that an action may be justifiable when the harmful effects cannot be separated from good effects. The nature of the act should however meet the basic moral ethics and harm should be minimized. In the society today euthanasia is also met with negative reception in the religious perspective of life. Religious people don't argue that we can't kill ourselves, or get others to do it. They know that we can do it because God has given us free will. Their argument is that it would be wrong for us to do so. They believe that every human being is the creation of God, and that this imposes certain limits on us. Our lives are not only our lives for us to do with as we see fit. To kill ourselves, or to get someone else to do it for us, is to deny God, and to deny God's rights over our lives and his right to choose the length of our lives and the way our lives end. Religious people in the soci ety may at times discredit euthanasia due to the belief that human beings are bound to suffer, as it brings them closer to God. Other arguments against euthanasia state that we need to demystify the myths and stigma associated with terminal illness by helping the patient and their relatives to cope and face the inevitable challenges (Panzer, 2000). This will help in adjusting to the sad scenario that is experienced upon the diagnosis of a terminal illness. It is important to encourage the patient to remain hopeful of the eventual healing. Talking to loved ones about ones illness will help interact freely with those who care about you. It is important to learn about the physical effects of the illness and control the symptoms in order to reduce pain, with loss of appetite and fatigue. In the American society today euthanasia has been met with morals, values and religious undertones. As a national Policy euthanasia is not supported in America. America as a nation stands firmly on the line of morality and societal values. However, there some states in America which have legalized euthanasia. The argument for making euthanasia legal is that the individual's freedom entails liberty or choice in all matters as long as the rights of any other person are not infringed upon. In the contrary, the argument that does not support the legalizing of euthanasia is that it negates the value of human life. It therefore follows that euthanasia may be abused by people who have wrong criminal intentions. A financial motive is sometimes advanced in favor of euthanasia (Keelan, 2006). It is quite expensive to maintain terminally ill persons and this may amount to wastage of resources when such patients succumb to their suffering in the long run. It costs money from the family of the government to keep terminally sick people on life support which will be wasted resources if they eventually die. These arguments informed the passing legal framework in three states of America, Washington, Oregon and Montana. However, looking at the national level public opinion on euthanasia is purely informed by religious affiliations and culture. In Christian perspective the church and especially the catholic and the Anglican Church euthanasia is not advocated for. According to the catholic catechism an act that is administered to reduce pain by causing death goes against the human dignity and it is disrespect to God. The error of judgment into which one can fall in good faith does not change the nature of this murderous act, which must always be forbidden and excluded (Murray, 2005).   However, the Lutheran church in November 9, 1992 adopted the famous "End of life decisions'' which seem to support euthanasia as a way of relieving those with severe suffering out of terminal illness. This included several decisions just to quote but one: When medical judgment determines that artificially-administered nutrition and hydration will not contribute to an improvement in the patient's underlying condition or prevent death from that condition, patients or their legal spokespersons may consider them unduly burdensome treatment. In these circumstances it may be morally responsible to withhold or withdraw them and allow death to occur (Benoway, 1992). The Orthodox Church firmly does not support euthanasia as it is perceived as committing murder by the people involved. This act is therefore sinful in nature (Perrett, 1996). Islam and Buddhism also respects the sanctity of life and therefore euthanasia is firmly prohibited and is seen as a violation of God's work and interfering with human kind. Euthanasia has since time immemorial attracted serious legal battles. In Montana in the United States of America a lawsuit was brought against the local government to allow euthanasia. This land mark judgment gave way for competent terminally ill patients to make decisions about when to take their lives. On December 5, 2008, state District Court judge Dorothy McCarter ruled in favor of a terminally ill Billings resident who had filed a lawsuit with the assistance of Compassion Choices, a patient rights group. The ruling illustrates that competent, terminally ill patients have the right to self-administer fatal doses of medication to as prescribed by a physician (Kaveny Murphy, 1997). Physicians who prescribe such medications have not broken any legal law to prompt their punishment. Recommendation Euthanasia is an act which continues to elicit reactions from the world over and this comes from mainly religious affiliation and culture. On one hand this research has found out that ethical arguments which points out that if supported it can lead to undesirable execution of people, it can also erode the professionalism of medical personnel who should be committed to offering care to patients. On the other hand this research points out that even practical arguments against euthanasia clearly shows that proper measure for pain reduction makes euthanasia unnecessary. Since there are no proper measures for the regulation of euthanasia, it is almost impossible to justify the reason of applying it regardless of the situation. References    Appel, J. (2004). "A Duty to Kill? A Duty to Die? Rethinking the Euthanasia Controversy of 1906". Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 78, Number 3, pp. 610–634.   Benoway, E. (1992). End of Life Decisions. Journal of Lutheran Ethics. Vol. 602 (54), 25-33. Colabawalla, B. (2008). Understanding voluntary euthanasia: a personal perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kaveny, C., Murphy, J. (1997). "Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and the Law.† Theological Studies. Vol. 45(23), 34-35. Keelan, N. (2006). The euthanasia debate. The University Standard. Vol. 12 (814), 54-60. Kevorkian, D. (2007). Euthanasia: the wrong way. The New York times. Vol.102; 231, 78-81. Moreno, J. (1995). Arguing Euthanasia. London: Simon Schuster Murray, D. (2005). "Archbishop says Church cannot back euthanasia." Times Online. Vol. 92 (27), 42-50. Panzer, P. (2000). Hospice patients alliance. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Perrett, R. (1996). "Buddhism, euthanasia and the sanctity of life". J Med Ethics. 22 (5): 309–13.

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Radio Broadcasting industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Palliative Care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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MANAGING IN A MIXED ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

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Home Inspection Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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MANAGING IN A MIXED ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

MANAGING IN A MIXED ECONOMY - Essay Example In other types of contracts like the private finance initiative, the private sector makes the capital investment through a contract by the government while the government might wholly or partly bear the cost of providing the service. In the UK, PPP has had a long history. In 1992, the private finance initiative (PFI) was introduced by the Conservative government. This was the first official and systematic program aimed at encouraging public-private partnerships. Over the years, this initiative has been expanded to create efficiency and to enhance the realization of â€Å"value for money.† It must be emphasized that PPP has been successful in a number of ways throughout the UK. Various programs have successfully been accomplished through this initiative and the trend continues. In the same way, the initiative has had is fair share of challenges (Dodgson & Gann, 2008). Some of the programs initiated through the private finance initiative have run out of budget without giving the value for money. The core objective of PPP is to ensure a proper partnership without diminishing either sector. In a world where innovation and strategy implementation seems to be the only way forward, it is indeed important for the private and public sector to collaborate in offering services to the people. London Underground One example of PPP is the London Underground which is a metro transportation system serving a larger portion of the greater London. Spanning over 402 kilometers with 270stations, the Tube is a subsidiary of Transport for London. Presently, 91% of the operational expenditure of the system is covered by fares paid by the passengers. Under the PPP, there were three infrastructure companies which were responsible for the renewal and maintenance of the London Underground. Indeed, it is realized that the PPP was a great step in enhancing the efficiency of the rail system and learning some of the issues which should be a dressed in order to improve such future partn erships in the country. In a way, the London Underground PPP is a classic case of a public private partnership which realized a number of successes and was also plagued with many challenges. In the context of strategy and innovation, it is realized that partnerships are an important way of benefiting through the good strategy and innovation in the private sector and the mechanisms of the government. The essence of this partnership was basically to develop and create an efficient infrastructure for London which could become a model across the world. As such, the London Underground Limited was created as the public sector mandated to operate and maintain this metro system in London. PwC was in charge of reviewing the options available in terms of strategy and funding while also ensuring the continual development of the initiative. At the end of the review process, the PPP was clearly outlined. It involved a ?37.7 billion of investment spanning a period of 30 years in addition to a ?4. 6 billion of private funding. Private sector consortiums were therefore allowed to take charge of the rehabilitation and maintenance of the Underground system in order to enhance its performance and ensure innovation and proper strategy implementation. In addition to the private financing, the government provided annual grants and